THE  LIBRARY 
OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


&         f4^ 

•3 


SS 


PHONETIC  AND  STENOGRAPHIC 


SHORT  HAND 


SCIENTIFIC  SYSTEM 


SOUND  AND  SIGHT  WRITING, 


BY 

REV.  THOMAS  MITCHELL, 

BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


J.  W.  PRATT,  STEAM  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTER, 

73   TO   79   FULTON   STREET. 

1876, 


Kntercil  :n  c  onling  to  Act  of  Congress  in  llie  yr.ir  i  • 

THOMAS  MITCHELL, 
In  tlie  ofli<:e  nf  tlie  Librarian  of  Congress,  :il  \V';isliim;t..n,  1  >    (." 


CONTENTS. 


•  PA(;E. 

The  necessity  for   an  Alphabet   for  Short   Hand,  and 

what  must  be  its  character 3 

Graham's  Reconstruction  of  Words  contrasted  with  our 

system 6 

A  Universal  Language  possible 9 

Phonetic  Standards  criticised 10 

Sound  and  Sight  Writing — Our   system  fundamentally 

different — Originality  essential  to  improvement....  12 

Why  letters  in  our  language  are  silent 13 

•    A  Purely  Phonetic  System  impracticable. 14 

*"     Shading  consonants  in  our  favor 17 

a:     Vowels  cannot  be  dispensed  with 20 

oz     We  make  them  without  loss  of  time 21 

CO 

U     Proportion  of  our  language  written  with  a  single  stroke 

for  each  word 21 

^     Word  Signs  must  be  Phonetic 22 

K)      Punctuation 23 

*  THE  TEN  PRINCIPLES  OF  ABBREVIATION. 

First  Principle — The  Phonetic  Alphabet  (governed  by 

u  Rule  I) 24 

j-     Second  Principle — Vowels  incorporated  with  the  Con- 

f*  sonants  (governed  by  Rule  II) 26 

Rule  III,  for  the  Construction  of  Words 27 

Division    and   Pronunciation   of  Words   (governed    by 

Rule  IV) 28 

What  constitutes  Syllables  (governed  by  Rule  V) 28 

3 


452178 


iv  CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Third  Principle — The  Accommodation  Signs  (governed 

by  Rule  VI) 29 

Fourth  Principle — Long  Vowel  Contractions  (governed 

by  Rule  VII) 34 

Examples  illustrative 35 

Fifth    Principle — Prefix  and   Affix    Contractions   (gov- 
erned by  Rule  VIII) 36 

Thirty-Ninth  Page  explained 40 

The  Affix  "mation"  explained 44 

Diphthongs,  Dot  and  Dash  Affixes  explained 46 

Peculiar  Sounds  explained 47 

Sixth  Principle — Phonetic   Word    Signs   (explained   on 

page  73,  and  also  governed  by  Rule  IX) 48 

Seventh  Principle — Contractions  by  the  Negatives  Im, 

In,   Un  and  Ir  (governed  by  Rula  X) 75 

Eighth  Principle — Applies   to   all  words  (governed   by 

Rule  XI) 76 

Alphabetical  Word  Signs  extended 78 

Directions  for  its  Practice 79 

Arranged  Alphabetically,   commencing So 

Ninth  Principle — Unalphabetical  Word  Signs  (governed 

by  Rule  XII) 96 

Tenth  Principle — Hieroglyphics 98 

Directions  for  writing  these too 

Excercise  No.    I — Daniel  Webster  on  True  Eloquence  102 
Exercise    No.  2 — Richard   Watson    on    The    Glory    of 

Man 104 

Exercise  No.  3 — The  Good  Samaritan 106 

Exercise  No.  4 — The  Lord's   Prayer 108 

Testimonies 109 


PHILOSOPHY  OF  SHOIjT  HAND. 


In  answer  to  the  question  as  to  what  must  be  the  character 
and  structure  of  that  system  of  Short  Hand  writing,  adapted 
to  meet  the  legitimate  demands  it  proposes,  and  the  necessi- 
ties the  case  requires,  we  may  say  in  a  general  way,  that  it 
must  be  systematic,  and  this  presupposes  it  io  be  founded  upon 
certain  fixed  principles,  inherent  in  the  reception  and  com- 
munication of  human  knowledge  through  the  medium  of  aud- 
ible speech  and  written  signs. 

This  not  only  renders  an  alphabet  a  necessity,  but  that  it 
must  be  of  such  construction  that  it  forms  the  common  cen- 
ter embodying  the  elements  and  principles  from  which  the 
signs  emanate,  and  in  such  a  manner  that  they  will  recipro- 
cally suggest  each  other.  If  it  is  adapted  to  general  use,  it 
must  also  be  of  such  a  character  that  it  will  impose  no  greater 
tax  upon  the  mind  to  comprehend,  or  the  memory  to  retain, 
than  that  of  our  common  long  hand  writing,  and  if  possible 
very  much  less.  From  this  it  follows  that  such  an  alphabet 
must  be  composed  of  the  least  number  of  characters  or  let- 
ters, and  of  the  simplest  structure,  and  which  involve  the 
greatest  number  of  elementary  sounds  they  may  be  conven- 
tionally made  to  represent,  and  in  the  same  proportion  will 
the  writing  be  legible  and  rapid  of  execution. 


6  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

The  fact  is  so  patent  to  all,  that  it  is  scarcely  necessary 
that  we  should  say,  that  all  written  alphabets  are  mere  con- 
ventionalisms, or  that  certain  parties  agree  that  certain 
marks  shall  represent  certain  things,  or  certain  sounds,  and 
whose  unities  or  combinations  shall  convey  certain  ideas,  and 
that  the  characters  themselves  have  no  phonetic  peculiarity. 
The  course  most  phonographers  have  pursued  in  the  forma- 
tion of  their  alphabets  has  been  quite  the  reverse  of  this, 
even  laboring  to  produce  alphabets  so  numerically  extended, 
amounting  to  from  75  to  loo  in  each,  and  difficult  of  forma- 
tion, because  intended  to  represent  all  the  elementary  sounds 
the  language  contains,  analyzed  to  their  extremest  nicety. 

Some  of  the  modern  systems,  as  Pitman's  ;  or  its  modifi- 
cations, as  Munson's  and  Graham's,  give  us  an  ambiguous  re- 
construction of  the  words  themselves,  which  bears  but  little  or 
no  resemblance  to  either  the  sound  or  form  of  the  words  for 
which  they  are  substituted,  and  rendering  it  necessary  that 
each  new  structure  must  be  memorized  as  the  representation 
of  the  sign,  and  the  sign  for  the  word.  In  some  of  these  re- 
constructed forms  there  are  as  many  letters,  and  therefore 
requiring  as  many  motions  to  make  as  there  are  in  the  words 
as  they  stand  in  the  common  alphabet ;  hence  nothing  is 
gained  in  the  ease  with  which  they  may  be  learned,  or  the 
time  demanded  in  their  execution. 

As  an  example,  see  "  Graham's  Hand  Book  of  Standard 
Phonography,"  page  189,  where  the  following  words  are 
thus  reconstructed  : 

"  New  Foundland.     En-Fed-El  end." 
'"  New  Testament.     Net-Step." 

"  New  York  City.     En-Yays. " 

"  Personification.     Pers-En-Ef-Shon." 

"Painful     Pen-Ef." 

"Paganism.     Pee-Gays-Em. " 

"Nocturnal.     En-Ket-Ben." 

"Patronage.     Pet-Ray-Jay." 

We  divide  and  pronounce  these  words  as  follows  ;  and  al- 
though in  the  longest  manner  of  the  system,  they  have  less 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  7 

motions  than  by  the  above  abbreviations,  and  in  the  natural 
compound  sounds  of  the  words. 

nu-f-ow-1-and. 

nu-ts-t-ment. 

nu-y-or-k. 

per-s-on-ni-  fi-k-tion. 

pa-n-ful. 

pa-g-n-iz. 

n-oc-tur-n-1. 

pa-tro-na-g. 

This  includes  the  prefixes  and  affixes  belonging  to  the 
words;  each  division  is  made  with  a  single  motion  of  the  pen 
and  finished  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  sounded,  without 
being  under  the  necessity  of  going  back  to  put  in  a  dot  or 
dash  for  a  vowel  or  anything  to  make  it  more  legible.  The 
longest  of  these,  it  will  be  seen,  only  requires  seven  motions 
of  the  pen,  while  the  little  word  (the)  requires  ten  in  long- 
hand, and  it  will  be  readily  seen  that  by  pronouncing  these 
syllabic  divisions,  the  words  themselves  are  accurately 
spoken,  they  are  therefore  the  real  phonetics  of  the  words. 

That  we  may  not  be  charged  with  misrepresenting  this 
feature  of  omitting  the  middle  or  former  parts  of  words, 
and  writing  the  others  in  their  place  for  the  whole  words,  we 
quote  an  example  from  page  121  of  the  "Compendium," 
under  the  heading  of  Contractions  and  Expedients:  "The 
advanced  writer  may,  in  a  few  cases,  extend  this  practice 
beyond  the  established  word-sign  contractions  for  the  corre- 
sponding style ;  writing,  for  instance,  Stens  for  '  circum- 
stance,' Ef-Ret  for  'comfort,'  Pel-ish  for  'accomplish,'  Ray- 
Spense  for  'responsible,'  Pers-Dee  for  '  proceeding.'  Rayses- 
Tee  for  'resisting,'  Pee  Bee  for  'public.'  An  '  affix-sign, ' 
especially  when  it  cannot  be  conveniently  joined,  may  be 
omitted  by  the  reporter,  whenever  its  omission  would  not 
seriously  endanger  the  legibility  of  his  writing ;  thus,  Corn- 
Ens, —  'commencement,'  Ray-En-Jay,  'arrangement' — Ned- 
Stend,  'understanding' — Iths-Gay,  'thanksgiving' — Fer 
Gay,  'forgiving,' — Lev-Kend,  (for)  '  loving  kindness.'" 


8  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Now  let  any  one  take  either  of  these  substitutes  for  the 
words  and  examine  them  as  closely  as  possible,  and  see  if 
they  appear  the  least  similar  to  the  words,  much  less  enough 
so  as  to  suggest  them.  Again  let  him  pronounce  these 
substitutes,  either  in  their  single  or  compound  elements, 
and  he  will  discover  that  not  a  single  one  of  the  words  will 
be  suggested  by  the  sounds  he  utters ;  and  if  such  is  the 
case,  what  other  conclusion  can  we  arrive  at,  than  that  the 
theory  is  simply  ' '  conventionalism. "  I  reconstruct  a  word, 
and  say  you  must  remember  that  the  reconstruction  means 
the  word  itself,  though  it  bears  no  resemblance  to  the  eye  to 
assist  the  memory,  and  no  corresponding  sound  to  assist  it  by 
the  ear.  Now,  can  such  a  theory  be  properly  called  Stenog- 
raphy, and  much  less  Phonography  ?  But  this  is  but  a  small 
part  of  the  objection,  because  it  requires  the  memory  to  re- 
tain each  distinct  form  substituted  for  the  words,  in  addition 
to  the  signs  which  represent  the  substitutes,  thus  imposing 
zoo  per  cent,  additional  tax  on  the  memory. 

In  regard  to  the  principle  here  recommended,  to  omit  pre- 
fixes and  first  parts  of  words,  and  to  write  the  remainder  for 
the  words,  we  may  remark  that  it  seems  exactly  the  reverse 
of  that  which  naturalness  would  indicate.  For  instance,  if  we 
should  write  "  un,"  the  prefix  (as  we  do)  for  under,  and 
add  S  to  it  for  the  word  ':  understanding,"  how  much  surer 
would  it  suggest  the  word  than  though  we  should  write 
"  Ned-Stend,"  as  in  the  above  example?  Again,  how  much 
more  surely  would  our  prefix  "Com,"  and  affix  "ence," 
suggest  the  word  "commencement,"  than  to  write  "Corn- 
Ends,"  as  in  the  above  quoted  example  ;  this,  "Com"  and 
"Ence"  are  made  with  one  motion  each  by  our  system, 
while  with  Graham's  it  requires  two  for  each,  as  they  each 
have  vowels  in  them,  hence  consuming  double  th3  time  to 
make  in  the  one  case  than  in  the  other. 

We  are  aware  that  there  are  parts  of  words  which  neither 
begin  nor  end  them  ;  but  whose  sounds,  if  spoken,  will 
more  readily  call  the  words  themselves  to  mind,  than  though 
the  first,  or  last  letter  in  their  ordinary  spelling  were  used 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  9 

for  sucli  purpose;  for  example,  the  phonograph,  representing 
the  sound  "  Ol  "  in  dollar,  or  "  Ow  "  in  hour  :  and  in  our  list 
of  word-signs,  it  will  be  seen  we  have  availed  ourselves  to  a 
limited  extent  of  its  significance  ;  but  when  the  reconstructed 
substitute  is  a  mere  conventionalism,  bearing  no  orthographi- 
cal likeness  to  the  eye  or  phonetic  to  the  ear  which  would 
convey  to  the  mind  the  word  itself,  then,  we  ask,  how  can 
the  production  be  properly  called  Phonography  ?  or  how  can 
its  use  facilitate  either  the  acquisition  or  practice  of  Short 
Hand  writing?  It  is  not  complicated  and  extended 
analysis,  but  simplified  synthesis,  the  nature  of  the  case  de- 
mands. It  is  readily  conceded  that  the  elementary  analysis 
of  the  sounds  of  the  language  is  of  value  in  exposing  the 
defects  in  our  English  orthography ;  but  to  construct  a  system 
by  making  signs  for  each  of  these  elements,  and  call  it  short 
hand,  is  in  exactly  the  opposite  direction  from  simple 
philosophy  and  practicability.  fc 

Were  it  the  object  of  Phonography  to  produce  a  universal 
language  as  a  substitute  for  all  others,  then  it  would  be 
necessary  to  construct  an  alphabet  composed  of  as  many 
characters  as  there  are  elemental  or  compound  sounds  em- 
ployed in  human  speech,  and  which  would  phonetically 
represent  all  the  proper  and  common  names  of  things  and 
beings,  and  all  the  distinct  ideas  comprehending  at  the  time 
the  standard  of  human  knowledge,  and  such  we  conceive  to 
be  its  susceptibility.  Let  this  be  done  with  a  corresponding 
dictionary  of  definitions,  and  taught  simultaneously  in  all  the 
schools  of  the  world,  and  it  would  seem  to  require  but  the 
succession  of  a  few  generations  to  give  it  one  language,  one 
literature,  and,  we  think,  one  religion. 

When,  however,  it  is  understood  that  the  object  of  the  art 
is  confined  to  the  task  of  producing  a  system  of  Short  Hand 
writing,  whether  of  Phonography  or  Stenography,  or  both 
combined,  to  enable  us  to  record  our  words  or  those  of  others 
legibly  and  with  the  velocity  of  speech,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary to  cast  aside  every  superfluous  thing  not  essential  to 
enable  us  to  readily  understand  what  is  written  even  by 


10         MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

children,  so  that  these  may  be  able  to  read  and  write  it  at 
least  as  easily  as  they  do  our  common  long  hand,  and  until 
such  a  system  is  produced,  the  art  can  be  considered  in  no 
other  light  than  that  of  mere  experiment,  and  the  fact  that 
Short  Hand  writing  is  not  taught  in  our  common  schools,  is 
itself  conclusive  evidence  that  no  such  system  has  yet  been 
given  to  the  public. 

It  is  a  simple  matter  for  a  man  to  designate  his  own  sys- 
tem "  The  Standard  of  American  Phonography"  but 
when  that  standard  really  appears,  an  appreciative  public* 
will  not  be  backward  in  giving  it  the  title  it  merits,  for  if 
anything  within  the  wide  range  of  literature  stands  more 
upon  its  merits  than  upon  the  reputation  of  its  author,  we 
think  that  thing  is  Short  Hand  writing.  It  is  a  singular  fact 
that  authors  of  Short  Hand  have  started  the  controversy  and 
kept  it  alive,  as  to  whether  Phonography  or  Stenography, 
meaning  simply  writing  by  sound  or  sight  was  superior  and 
to  be  preferred,  each  laboring  to  show  the  weakest  features 
of  the  other,  just  as  some  people  seem  to  think  they  can 
only  obtain  a  reputation  by  destroying  that  of  their  neigh- 
bors. 4. 

If  men  were  not  endowed  with  ears  and  the  faculty  of  re- 
ceiving impressions  through  the  medium  of  sound,  then  the 
Stenographer  might  have  grounds  for  his  opposition.  Or.  on 
the  other  hand,  if  men  did  not  possess  the  organs  cf  sight, 
through  which  to  receive  the  impress  of  external  objects, 
then  the  position  of  the  Phonographer  might  be  defended  ; 
but  when  it  is  considered  that  through  the  medium  of  each 
of  these  inlets  the  mind  receives  the  images  of  two  distinct 
classes  of  objects,  and  that  the  memory  deals  with  and 
retains  both  as  easily  as  one,  then  the  whole  question  be- 
comes simply  absurd.  For  instance,  if  a  man  had  always 
been  blind  he  could  not  remember  the  various  peculiarities 
of  sound  any  better  than  though  he  had  always  possessed 
perfect  organs  of  vision. 

Now,  it  is  this  mental  endowment  of  organs  of  sight  and 
sound  which  indicates  the  course  to  be  pursued  in  the  con- 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  II 

ception  and  construction  of  a  system  of  Short  Hand  writing 
adapted  to  meet  the  demands  in  the  case,  and  whoever  has 
the  genius  to  invent  and  construct  it,  may  rest  assured  that  it 
will  not  be  materially  modified  or  changed  in  the  future  ? 
The  fact  is,  we  must  write  by  sound  and  read  by  sight,  and 
the  more  perfectly  the  characters  make  the  sounds  of  the 
words  by  speaking  them,  the  easier  and  quicker  will  be  the 
writing  and  the  reading.  It  is  evident  that  it  would  not  do 
to  divide  the  words  in  speaking  as  we  are  obliged  to  do  in 
phonetically  writing  them.  For  example  it  would  not  do  to 
divide  the  word  sight  in  conversation  or  public  speech  si-t, 
or  that  of  sound,  s-ow-end,  as  we  do  in  writing  them. 

It  is  now  about  eighteen  years  since  we  first  published  this 
system  of  Short  Hand,  which  has  never  been  given  to  the 
public,  and  we  have  not  been  abls  to  materially  change  or 
improve  it.  There  is  one  particular  feature  in  which  this  has 
been  done,  and  it  is  an  equal  improvement  upon  all  other 
systems,  and  which  consists  in  writing  what  we  denominate 
the  "Accommodation  Signs,"  formed  of  hooks,  circles  and 
loops,  to  be  used  as  substitutes  in  certain  cases  for  the  long 
alphabetical  Phonographs.  In  the  former  edition  we  attached 
these  to  certain  sides  of  these  signs  in  order  to  give  them 
their  distinctive  signification,  and  being  made  in  pairs  signified 
different  parts  of  words,  by  being  placed  on  different  sides  of 
the  long  signs  to  which  they  were  attached,  but  which  are 
now  written  upon  that  side  of  such  Phonographs  which  is  most 
convenient,  the  one  of  which  is  made  heavy  in  order  to  give 
it  its  peculiar  significance,  the  rule  being  to  make  that  one  of 
the  pair  heavy  which  occurs  last  in  the  common  alphabet. 
For  example,  N  follows  M,  therefore  N  must  be  made  com- 
paratively heavy. 

With  the  exception  of  one  additional  principle  of  abbrevia- 
tion, we  have  only  extended  the  system  to  its  legitimate 
length,  and  this  principally  relates  to  the  alphabetical  word- 
signs,  and  the  whole  rendered  more  perspicuous  by  ex- 
amples and  exercises,  making  its  acquisition  easier  and  its 
practice  very  much  more  rapid.  The  object  has  been  not  to 


12  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

produce  a  system  so  comparatively  superior  and  so  well 
answering  the  purpose,  but  to  make  it  so  comprehensive  and 
perfect,  both  as  it  respects  rapidity  and  legibility,  that  there 
will  remain,  not  only  no  motive  for  changes,  but  if  such  are 
made,  they  will  only  serve  to  retard  its  acquisition  and 
practice.  How  well  we  have  succeeded  the  public  must 
judge. 

We  assume  our  system  to  be  not  only  an  improvement  on 
others,  but  entirely  different,  as  it  respects  the  fundamental 
principles  of  construction,  phonetic  division  of  words  and 
syllabic  pronunciation.  If  it  be  said  that  we  use  the  same 
lines,  curves  and  angles  as  the  systems  of  the  day,  we  answer 
that  the  difference  is  so  marked,  no  one  who  examines  them 
will  charge  us  with  copying  from  these,  and  besides  this  we 
may  say  that  Demosthenes  and  Cicero  used  the  same,  and 
more  than  this,  they  were  employed  in  the  writings  of 
Ancient  Babylon,  Thebes  and  Nineveh,  and  that  too  with  the 
significant  shading.  (See  Layard's  Second  Expedition  to 
Babylon  and  Nineveh. )  In  a  word,  these  characters  are  the 
common  geometrical  lines  and  curves  of  nature,  of  which  no 
man  is  the  inventor,  and  there  is  not  one  of  them  which  has 
not  been  used  in  the  construction  of  the  alphabets  of  human 
languages,  and  that  from  time  immemorial. 

We  may  also  here  remark  that  while  other  authors  of  the 
art  disclaim  ail  intention  of  having  aimed  at  originality,  we 
do  not  hesitate  to  confess  that  we  look  for  no  important  ad- 
vancement in  any  department  of  human  knowledge  or 
achievement  in  the  absence  of  original  thought  and  invention. 
When  we  reflect  upon  the  fact  of  how  very  little  is  known  in 
comparison  with  that  which  is  unknown,  and  yet  is  within 
the  reach  of  mental  grasp,  we  take  no  pride  in  the  confession 
that  our  field  of  investigation  is  confined  to  imitation,  and 
does  not  deviate  from  the  beaten  track  of  the  past,  but  claim 
that  the  progress  of  any  age  demands  original  thought  and 
independent  research.  Give  us  those  traits  of  intellectual 
genius  which  are  self-relying,  discontented  with  surface  in- 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  13 

vestigation,  but  dig  deep  and  never  attempt  to  build  until 
satisfied  the  most  solid  foundation  is  reached. 

What  has  done  more  than  all  other  causes  combined  to 
cripple  the  advancement  either  of  scientific  or  religious  truth, 
has  been  the  setting  up  of  certain  opinions  called  "  Stand- 
ards, ''  by  which  all  future  opinion  was  to  be  shaped  and 
limited,  and  to  deviate  from  which  was  heresy. 

The  old  quaint  couplet  gives  forcible  expression  to  this 
absurdity  : 

"  These  iron  bedsteads  they  do  fetch, 

To  try  our  hopes  upon  : 
If  we're  too  short  we  must  be  stretched — 
Cut  off  if  we're  too  long." 

That  a  system  of  pure  phonetics  is  practicable,  either  in 
written  or  spoken  language,  we  do  not  believe,  and  for  the 
reason  as  already  assigned,  namely,  the  extension  of  an  al- 
phabet containing  a  character  for  each  elementary  sound. 

That  this  may  be  more  apparent,  we  introduce  a  brief 
analysis  of  some  of  the  letters  of  our  common  alphabet. 
Thus,  in  pronouncing  the  letters  T,  C,  D,  B,  V  and  P,  we 
finish  them  with  the  sound  of  E.  This  gives  us  the  reason 
why  E  is  silent  after  any  of  these  consonants,  as  it  has  al- 
ready been  sounded  ;  and  an  additional  E  does  not  change 
the  sound  of  an  E  immediately  preceding. 

In  speaking  the  letters  K  and  J,  A  is  sounded  in  closing 
them,  and  an  additional  A,  ka,  adds  no  change  to  the  K ; 
but  Ka  and  Ja  are  simply  K  and  J.  In  sounding  H,  we  use 
the  letters  ''Ach,  "and  consequently  their  sounds,  as  it  re- 
quires all  these  to  spell  it.  In  fact  all  the  letters  required  to 
express  the  true  phonetics  in  any  are  involved  in  it,  and  must 
be  sounded  with  it.  In  pronouncing  the  letter  \V  we  use  the 
the  letters  D,  U,  B,  L,  U,  leaving  out  those  which  are  silent. 
Now,  when  it  is  recollected  that  all  these  are  compound,  and 
not  simple  elements,  it  gives  us  an  approximate  idea  of  the 
numerical  extent  of  a  pure  phonetic  alphabet  for  the  English 
language ;  and  we  must  add  to  this  list  about  twenty  addi- 
tional characters  to  represent  sounds  it  contains  which  no 


14  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

combination  of  our  English  alphabet  will  express.  It  must 
also  be  remembered  that  the  human  voice  is  incapable  of 
giving  audible  expression  to  the  consonants,  without  sounding 
vowels  with  them.  Hence  the  name  "  consonant, "  express- 
ing an  element  of  speech  having  either  no  vocality,  or  one  that 
is  imperfect.  Their  use  is  to  determine  the  manner  of  begin- 
ning or  ending  the  vocal  sounds,  and  that  the  slightest  differ- 
ence in  articulation  may  be  perceived  as  far  as  the  human 
voice  may  be  distinctly  heard. 

From  this  consideration  alone  it  is  evident  that  we  are 
precluded  from  making  any  attempt  to  construct  a  pure  pho- 
netic system  equally  adapted  to  rapid  writing  and  spoken 
language  ;  and  in  view  of  such  facts  we  are  forced  to  fall 
back  upon  our  common  orthography,  with  its  alphabet  and 
conventionalities,  comprehending  so  many  sounds  in  so  lim- 
ited a  number  of  characters  as  the  very  best  foundation  upon 
which  to  construct  the  shortest  and  most  legible  system  of 
short  hand  writing.  On  the  other  hand,  any  attempt  to  give 
us  the  requisite  short  hand,  which  writes  all  the  silent  letter:; 
in  the  common  orthography,  is  equally  impracticable,  for 
what  it  gains  in  the  simpler  construction  of  its  signs,  anil 
which  amounts  to  about  two  per  cent.,  taking  into  the  esti- 
timate  the  variety  of  its  angles,  requiring  a  little  more  time 
to  make,  it  loses  in  the  increased  number  of  signs. 

On  page  8  of  Mr.  Scovil's  last  edition  of  Stenography, 
which  assumes  to  write  all  the  vowels  and  consonants  with- 
out changing  the  common  orthography,  he  gives  us  an  alpha- 
bet of  about  eighty  characters,  and  to  make  some  of  these 
requires  six  motions  of  the  pen,  the  whole  averaging  about  two 
to  each.  These  are  also  divided  into  four  lengths,  and  some 
are  distinctly  shaded,  and  also  occupying  four  places  in  rela- 
tion to  the  line  of  writing.  Some  of  these  signs  end  or  com- 
mence with  such  slight  and  short  curves,  indicating  other 
characters,  which  would  be  made  inadvertently  in  rapid 
writing,  and  indeed  can  scarcely  be  detected  in  the  printed 
forms  in  the  book.  In  contrast  to  this,  our  alphabet  numbers 
twenty-five  characters,  and  adding  the  five  peculiarities  pro- 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  15 

duced  by  the  incorporation  of  the  vowels,  makes  thirty,  and 
are  each  made  with  a  single  motion  of  the  pen. 

In  a  note  by  the  editor  of  Mr.  Scovil's  book,  page  15,  it  is 
said:  "Though  many  attempts  have  been  made  to  have 
every  simple  elementary  sound  represented  by  a  distinct  let- 
ter, no  one  has  succeeded  in  inventing  a  sufficient  number  of 
single  characters  that  can  easily  be  distinguished  from  each 
other,  and  rapidly  joined  together,  so  as  to  form  a  fair,  lineal 
and  cursive  hand  for  stenographic  purposes,  Dr.  Lindsly 
in  his  Tachygraphy  has  succeeded  in  joining  many  of  the 
vowels  and  diphthongs  to  the  consonants.  The  curious  may 
judge  for  themselves  how  he  has  succeeded  in  other  respects. 
There  are  many  laborers  in  the  field,  and  he  who  makes  any 
real  improvement  in  this  important  art  will  find  it  duly  ap- 
preciated in  this  utilitarian  age. " 

We  appreciate  the  justness  of  this  criticism,  and  give  Mr. 
Scovil  credit  for  adopting  the  only  remaining  alternative  for 
legible  writing.  And  almost  equally  objectionable  is  Mr. 
Pitman's  Phonography,  or  any  of  its  modifications,  all  of 
which  write  the  vowels  with  separate  characters ;  and,  we 
may  add,  the  most  objectionable  of  all  is  the  attempt  to  write 
and  omit  the  vowels  entirely.  Even  Mr.  Graham  gives  the 
following  advice  :  "Words  containing  a  single  consonant, 
with  a  vowel  before  and  after  it,  should,  if  possible,  have 
both  written — at  least  the  accented  one."  Hand-book,  page 
123.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Scovil  struck  the  only 
alternative,  that  of  writing  all  the  consonants  and  vowels,  in 
order  to  make  it  legible,  though  demanding  an  alphabet 
extended  as  above  indicated. 

Our  system  obviates  all  these  objectionable  features  by 
writing  all  the  vowels,  diphthongs  and  consonants  sounded  in 
the  words,  without  the  addition  of  a  single  separate  charac- 
ter, and  with  as  much  distinction  as  that  of  our  common 
long  hand,  and  also  without  an  additional  motion  than  is  re- 
quired to  make  the  consonants  alone,  and  also  leaving  the  or- 
thography unchanged  in  any  other  manner  than  by  simply 
leaving  out  the  silent  letters  contained  in  about  twenty-five 


16  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

per  cent,  of  the  words ;  and  in  reference  to  such  omission  we 
may  say  that  it  is  of  great  advantage  in  acquiring  a  correct  habit 
of  spelling,  from  the  fact  that  it  directs  special  attention  to 
the  letters  left  out  in  short-hand,  and  thereby  assists  the 
memory  to  enable  us  to  know  what  to  put  in  long-hand. 

In  answer  to  the  question:  how  is  it  that  reporters  are  able 
to  write  rapidly  with  these  complicated  systems  ?  we  remark, 
that  they  are  so  susceptible  of  improvement  in  this  respect, 
that  all  practical  reporters  are  sufficiently  skillful  to  enable 
them  to  accomplish  this  task ;  and  they  do  not  wholly  follow 
the  principles  of  the  systems.  We  were  lately  informed  by 
a  gentleman  who  for  years  has  written  and  taught  Mr.  Pit- 
man's system,  and  who  has  not  deviated  from  its  rules,  that 
he  has  repeatedly  found,  by  coming  in  contact  with  his  pupils 
after  an  absence  of  a  few  years,  that  they  could  read  his 
writing  while  he  could  not  read  theirs,  from  the  fact  that 
they  had  introduced  so  many  changes.  We  may  also  remark, 
that  it  is  no  proof  of  the  merits  or  superiority  of  any  system 
of  Short  Hand  that  a  few  are  able  to  use  it  even  in  what  is 
called  verbatim  reporting,  because  this  has  been  done  by 
contracting  our  common  long  hand  and  with  the  English  alpha- 
bet. Dr.  Sunderland  published  such  a  system  about  twenty 
years  ago.  Let  a  man  of  ordinary  genius  devote  himself  for 
the  space  of  twenty  years  to  the  invention  and  practice  of 
Stenographic  Hieroglyphics,  and  he  may  use  them  as  signs 
f:>r  words  and  sentences  as  rapid  as  speech. 

One  of  the  most  important  principles  of  Phonography  is 
the  employment  of  what  are  denominated  "  Word  Signs, :> 
that  is,  a  certain  character,  made  with  a  single  motion,  i^ 
taken  to  represent  a  whole  word  of  whatever  length.  By 
the  use  of  these  it  is  obvicus,  that  one  such  character  cannot 
be  made  to  represent  but  a  single  word,  without  involving 
the  danger  of  confounding  the  one  with  the  other.  In  order 
to  illustrate  the  superiority  of  our  system  in  this  important 
particular,  let  us  take  a  single  alphabetical  Phonograph,  say 
that  of  "  F. "  Now,  no  other  system  can  use  this  consonant 
to  signify  more  than  four  different  words,  and  these  only  by 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  17 

placing  it  in  four  positions  in  relation  to  the  line  of  writing, 
while  by  incorporating  the  vowels  into  it,  we  make  it 
represent  forty-six  words,  and  it  spells  the  first,  one,  two  or 
three  letters  of  each  word,  and  by  adding  the  derivatives  of 
the  verbs  of  these  it  represents  147  words,  and  all  in  regular 
alphabetical  order. 

It  is  true  we  shade  our  consonants  to  indicate  what  vowels 
they  contain,  but  it  is  the  experience  of  those  who  report 
with  our  system,  as  well  as  that  of  our  own,  that  with  a  very 
little  practice  this  is  done  without  the  loss  of  time.  In  the 
same  number  of  seconds  we  have  written  : 

169  consonants  without  vowels. 

179  containing  the  vowel  0. 

155  containing  E.     , 

163  containing  A,  and 

164  containing  that  of  U. 

But  whatever  force  there  is  in  the  objection  against  shading, 
is  of  much  greater  weight  against  Pitman's,   Munson's  and 
Graham's  systems,  for  there  are  more  of  their  consonants 
shaded  to  distinguish  them  from  each  other,  than  there  are 
of  ours  to  indicate  what  vowels  they  contain.     Though  it  is 
evident  that  just  in  proportion  as  vowels,  affecting  the  sound 
of  words  are  omitted,  is  the  legibility  of  the  words  destroyed, 
yet  they  may  be  omitted  in  writing   our  system  to  the  same     dfrASi 
extent  of  others,  but  as  we  make  them  without  the  loss  of  •{TxU-fic*' 
time,  there  is  nothing  gained  by  their  omission.     In  order  to 
illustrate  this  comparative  shading,  and  other  features,  let  us  f^-Bf^^ 
take  the  three  words,  Glad,  Glud  and  Gold.     According  to  <LJU^  .^(4 
Graham's  system  they  are  written  thus  : 

Glad         Glud         Gold  We  write  them  thus : 

G-l-ad       G-lu-d       Go-l-d 

& 

Here  are  the  two  consonants  G  and  D  in  each  of  these 
words,   shaded  in  order  to  distinguish  them  from  K  and  T,     c_-     c— 
which  have  the   same  length  and  position,  but  made  light.  / 


.  __.         __  G-l-ad       G-lu-d       Go-l-d 

7  T  T     T      y 


18  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

It  will  also  be  seen  that  there  is  but  one  of  the  consonants 
in  each  word  shaded  according  to  our  manner  of  writing,  and 
this  only  to  designate  the  difference  between  the  vowels  they 
contain. 

In  writing  these  three  words  it  will  also  be  observed  that 
by  Graham's  system  they  each  require  four  motions  of  the 
hand,  while  with  ours  it  is  done  with  three,  which  shows  a 
saving  in  our  favor  of  twenty-live  per  cent.,  and  whatever 
time  there  may  be  lost  in  shading,  it  is  only  one-half  as  much 
with  our  system,  as  only  one  of  the  consonants  is  shaded  in 
each  woid  as  we  write  them,  while  there  are  two  of  them 
shaded  as  here  written  by  Graham's.  It  is  also  obvious  that 
to  write  these  systems  an  individual  is  obliged  to  learn  both 
the  consonant  outline  of  the  words  and  their  filling  up  by  the 
vowels,  while  neither  alone  will  express  the  words  so  that 
they  can  be  nnderstood  ;  besides  this,  such  crowding  the 
memory  with  two  distinct  forms  for  every  word  of  our 
language,  about  95  per  cent,  of  which  require  vowels  to 
give  them  intelligent  articulation,  that  it  is  no  wonder  we 
find  about  95  per  cent,  of  those  who  undertake  to  master 
them,  never  succeed  far  enough  to  enable  them  to  write  as 
rapidly  as  in  their  common  long  hand,  and  therefore  abandon 
them  altogether. 

It  is  no  small  stretch  of  the  meaning  of  the  word  to  denom- 
inate such  systems  "Phonography."  To  illustrate  this  de- 
fect also,  let  us  again  recur  to  the  above  three  words.  If  we 
articulate  the  consonants  in  their  various  whispers,  it  will 
easily  be  perceived  that  they  contain  but  a  part  of  the  pho- 
netics in  the  words,  and  therefore  fail  to  give  them  intelligent 
expression ;  and  if  these  elements  were  only  written,  the 
words  themselves  would  not  be.  It  is  also  a  fact  that  if  \vc 
add  the  vowels  of  the  remaining  part  of  their  phonetics,  and 
in  accordance  with  the  rules,  and  express  the  whole  in  the 
order  in  which  they  are  written,  still  it  would  fail  to  pro- 
nounce the  words  so  that  they  would  be  understood  by  any 
one  who  had  not  learned  that  this  association  of  characters 
signified  these  certain  words,  and  if  they  had  learned  this,  it 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  19 

would  still  not  be  Phonography,  but  mutual  agreement  that 
these  particular  forms  were  to  be  taken  for  the  words ;  hence 
it  would  not  be  sound,  but  sight  writing.  As  the  rules  re- 
quire that  the  consonants  of  the  words  are  to  be  written 
without  taking  off  the  pen,  the  vowels  must  be  put  in  after- 
wards, hence  when  the  sound  "  gold  "  is  heard,  the  G-L-D,  O, 
must  be  thought  of  as  the  order  in  which  they  are  to  be 
written.  Now  is  it  not  evident  that  if  the  letters  g-l-d-o  are 
spoken,  they  would  be  as  far  from  giving  intelligent  ex- 
pression to  the  word  gold  as  did  g-l-d,  the  consonantal 
outline .  The  conclusion  from  this  is,  that  to  write  according 
to  the  rules  of  these  systems  the  habit  must  be  acquired  to 
revise  every  word  in  our  language  if  it  contains  more  than  a 
single  consonant  and  a  vowel,  and  that  these  revisions  are  to 
be  taken  as  the  substitutes  for  the  words.  The  best  thing 
that  can  be  said  of  this  method  of  analysis  and  writing  is, 
that  the  sound  of  words,  when  heard,  must  be  thought  of  in 
the  order  in  which  they  are  heard,  and  written  in  another 
order.  When  the  word  gold  is  heard,  it  must  be  thought  of 
in  the  order  of  g-o-l-d,  and  written  in  the  order  of  g-l-d-o. 
Now,  as  this  separation  and  revision  of  the  words  is  accom- 
plished by  the  eye  of  the  mind,  it  is  therefore  sight  c.nd  not 
sound  writing. 

\\e  are  aware  that  names  and  titles,  especially  at  this  day, 
are  esteemed  of  but  little  account  when  men  daub  unworchy 
men  with  them,  and  unworthy  things  as  "standards;"  but 
when  attempts  are  made  to  block  the  wheels  of  advance- 
ment, and  as  in  this  case,  that  an  author  should  entitle  his 
own  system,  ' '  The  American  Standard  Phonography, "  then 
we  are  justified  in  exposing  the  weakness  of  all  such 
standards. 

That  the  extent  to  which  words  occur  ia  our  language 
having  the  same  consonantal  outline  and  hence  the  essentiality 
of  vowels  to  give  them  distinction.  We  will  here  introduce 
a  few  samples,  and  the  manner  in  which  we  divide  and  write 
them,  in  which  it  will  be  seen  that  it  requires  no  more  motions 
to  write  the  words  with  the  vowels  than  to  write  the  consonants 


20  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

alone,  and  that  the  syllabication  is  so  simple  and  perfect, 
that  to  express  the  Phonographs  thus  written,  is  to  intelli- 
gently pronounce  the  words  themselves  : 

WITHOUT  VOWELS.      WITH  VOWELS. 

Failed,  f-l-d.  fa-l-d 

Filled,  f-l-d.  f-il-d. 

Fold,  f-l-d.  fo-l-d. 

Flat,  f-l-t.  f-l-at. 

Flit,  f-l-t.  f-l-it. 

Float,  f-l-t.  f-lo-t. 

Flute,  f-l-t.  f-lu-t. 

Mate,  m-t.  ma-t. 

Meat,  m-t.  me-t. 

Mite,  m-t.  mi-t. 

Mote,  m-t.  mo-t. 

Mute,  m-t.  mu-t. 

Rail,  r-1.  ra-1. 

Real,  r-1.  re-1. 

Rill,  r-1.  r-il. 

Roll,  r-1  ro-1. 

Rule,  r-1.  ru-1. 

Pain,  p-n.  pa-n. 

Pin,  p-n.  p-in. 

Pun,  p-n.  p-un. 

Tast,  t-s-t.  ta-s-t. 

Toast,  t-s-t.  to-s-t. 

It  will  be  seen  that  if  you  leave  the  vowels  out  of  these 
words,  not  one  of  them  can  be  understood,  and  if  they  are  put 
in  with  the  separate  dots  and  dashes  of  Graham's  system,  it 
adds  one-third  to  the  number  of  motions  required  to  write 
them  in  comparison  with  ours,  showing  a  saving  of  33  J  per 
cent,  in  our  favor. 

The  extent  to  which  words  are  written  with  a  single  motion 
of  the  pen  for  each.  We  have  made  a  careful  calculation 
upon  five  hundred  words,  selected  promiscuously  from  the 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  21 

following  books,  each  of  which,  with  our  system,  is  made 
with  a  single  stroke  of  the  pen  : 

"  Selections  of  a  Father."     Of  the  500,  340. 

"  Mitchell's  Philosophy  of  God  and  the  World."     Of  the 

5°°,  37  *• 

"New  Testament,''  Luke  9.     Of  the  500,  382. 

"  Roliin's  Ancient  History."     Of  the  500,  363. 

"Prince  of  the  House  of  David."     Of  the  500,  377. 

"  Ansted's  Ancient  \Vorld."     Of  the  500,  354. 

"  Platonic  Theology."     Of  the  500,  382. 

"Layard's  Eabylon  and  Nineveh."     Of  the  500,  350. 

"Marsh's  Ecc.  History."     Of  the  500,  358. 

"  Homes  of  the  New  World."    Of  the  500,  374. 

"  Wesley's  Sermons."     Of  the  500,  422. 

"Darwin's  Descent  of  Man. "     Of  the  500,  /)/^. 

"  Lyell's  Principles  of  Geology."     Of  the  500,  366. 

Taking  these  thirteen  authors,  and  on  this  variety  of  sub- 
jects, they  may  be  regarded  as  the  average  extent  of 
the  use  of  the  English  language,  and  this  number  of  words 
out  of  every  five  hundred,  we  have  as  a  result  that  seventy- 
five  per  cent,  of  its  words  are  written  with  a  single  stroke 
for  each.  This  leaves  but  twenty-five  per  cent,  to  be  con- 
tracted by  the  various  other  principles  of  the  system. 

Now,  when  it  is  considered,  that  with  the  exception  of  but 
two  pages  of  Stenographic  word-signs,  most  of  which  are 
also  made  with  a  single  motion,  these  are  all  involved  in  the 
alphabet,  we  have  a  fair  view  upon  which  to  estimate  the 
value  of  the  system,  and  when  it  is  also  remembered  that 
these  alphabetical  characters  used  as  word-signs,  are  increased 
more  than  ten-fold  by  the  incorporation  of  the  vowels  with 
the  consonants,  in  comparison  with  any  other  system,  and 
that  they  apply  to  three-fourths  of  the  words  of  the  language, 
each  made  with  a  single  motion  of  the  pen,  and  each  re- 
presenting but  a  single  verb  and  its  derivatives,  it  seems  that 
no  one  can  fail  to  see,  not  only  its  comparative  superiority, 
but  its  pre-eminent  adaptation  to  all  the  purposes  of  Short 
Hand  writing. 


22  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

It  must  also  be  seen  that  its  simplicity  brings  its  acquisition 
within  the  reach  of  children,  and  that  it  is  as  impossible  to 
improve  its  brevity  as  to  write  words  without  motions  or 
marks,  and  the  fact  that  it  writes  all  the  sounds  expressed  in 
the  words,  and  in  thei/  simplest  manner  of  syllabic  division, 
demonstrates  that  its  legibility  cannot  be  improved.  The 
result  is  also  obtained  that  three-fourths  of  all  the  words  are 
left  unchanged  in  their  common  orthography.  Indeed  its 
practice  may  be  substantially  described  by  saying,  it  is  to 
hear  or  see  the  word,  and  make  a  mark. 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind,  that  each  word-sign  stands 
for  all  the  derivatives  of  the  verb,  the  connection  will  easily 
show  what  form  is  indicated.  For  example,  we  use  the 
Phonographic  word-sign  "  rep  "  for  represent  in  all  its  forms. 
No  one  would  read  the  sentence,  "It  was  a  poor  represent 
of  the  original ;"  but  that  it  was  a  poor  representation.  Or, 
"that  it  was  poorly  representation, "  but  that  it  was  poorly 
represented.  Or,  that  "  In  represent  it,"  but,  in  represent- 
ing it.  Thus,  by  the  use  of  this  Phonograph,  made  by  a 
single  motion,  it  signifies  these  five  long  words,  and  also  spells 
the  first  three  letters  of  each,  and  it  is  evident  that  ample 
time  is  afforded  to  make  it  almost  as  plain  as  print  while 
either  of  them  are  being  spoken,  and  this  is  but  a  fair 
illustration  of  the  rapidity  and  legibility  of  three-fourths  of 
the  language  as  written  by  our  system  of  word-signs. 

This  suggests  the  fundamental  principle  in  Short- Hand 
writing,  namely,  that  the  number  of  motions  demanded  to 
make  the  signs  must  be  so  few  and  easy  of  construction,  that 
there  will  be  sufficient  time  while  the  words  are  being 
spoken  to  make  them  so  accurate,  that  they  may  be  read  with- 
out the  least  hesitation.  And  we  may  add  that  it  is  not  the 
comparative  size  of  the  characters,  or  the  making  them 
heavy  or  light  which  consumes  the  time,  but  it  is  the  num- 
ber of  distinct  motions  required.  This  waste  of  time  is  in- 
creased by  slight  differences  of  consonantal  structure  and 
vowel  insertion,  as  well  as  the  increased  number  of  places 
the  signs  are  made  to  occupy,  with  reference  to  the  line  of 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  23 

writing,  which  both  consumes  time  and  increases  the  diffi- 
culty in  reading. 

Punctuation. 

This  is  provided  for  by  spacing  without  characters,  accord- 
ing to  the  following  directions  : 

£  of  an  inch  of  perpendicular  space  between  words. 

£  of  an  inch  for  the  ' '  comma. " 

•i  of  an  inch  for  the  "  semicolon." 

J  of  an  inch  for  the  ' '  colon, "  and 

i  inch  for  the  "  period." 

As  the  "  colon  "  even  in  longhand  may  easily  be  dispensed 
with,  it  may  be  in  Short  Hand  altogether.  Indeed  the  "  semi- 
colon "  may  also  be  omitted,  and  this  leaves  us  but  two 
spaces,  one  of  half  an  inch  for  the  "  comma,"  and  the  other 
of  one  inch  for  the  "period."  As  this  will  facilitate  the 
writing  and  not  in  the  least  render  it  less  legible,  we  adopt 
it  as  the  rule  to  be  followed  in  the  punctuation  of  our  system. 


The    Alphabet.— First    Principle    of 
Abbreviation. 


\ 


The  alphabet,  as  Will  be  seen,  is  formed 
of  simple  lines  and  curves,  and  with  one 
motion  each,  those  requiring  two  are  ver- 
tical or  nearly  so,  to  commence  which  the 
pen  must  be  carried  up.  and  it  can  make 
the  up-stroke  with  the  same  movement.  If 
we  contrast  the  complicated  formation  of  our 
English  letters  and  count  the  motions  re- 
quired to  make  them,  we  will  find  the  average 
to  be  about  four  to  each,  while  ours  are  each 
made  with  a  single  stroke,  which  is  a  saving 
of  four  to  one.  Now  a  rapid  long  hand  writer 
can  pen  twenty-five  words  per  minute,  when, 
therefore,  the  same  writer  becomes  equally 
familiar  with  our  alphabet,  and  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  vowels  with  the  consonants  as  with 
the  common  English,  he  can  pen  words  at  the 
rate  of  one  hundred  per  minute,  and  that  by 
the  advantage  of  these  two  principles  of  our 
ten.  This  alphabet  is  composed  of  twenty-five 
characters,  and  the  manner  of  making  them 
should  be  governed  by  the  following  directions: 

RULE  I. — The  letters  should  be  written  as 
light  and  even  as  possible.  Care  also  should 
be  taken  to  give  them  their  proper  positions. 
The  printed  alphabet  is  the  best  example  to 
follow.  The  vertical  or  inclined  signs  snould 
be  commenced  just  that  distance  above  the 
line,  that  will  give  them  their  proper  length 
when  reaching  it.  H,  P,  V,  and  sometimes  L, 
when  it  would  come  in  contact  with  the  other 
Phonographs  of  the  word  already  written,  are 
struck  upward,  and  commencing  on  the  line. 
The  writing  is  always  from  left  to  right.  To 
assist  the  learner  to  remember  the  positions  of 
L  and  R,  let  it  be  noticed  that  L  is  struck  to 
the  left  and  R  to  the  right.  The  best  way  to 
familiarize  the  mind  with  the  signs  is  to  write 
them  repeatedly,  pronouncing  each  as  the  hand 
moves  in  making  it.  This  may  be  practiced 
with  your  finger  while  riding  in  the  cars. 


Second  Principle  of  Abbreviation— Vowels 
Incorporated  with  the  Consonants. 


\    ba 

\              I 

\    ce 

\bi 

\   bo 

\bu 

J    ca 

_^/   ce 

^ci 

^/     CO 

Jen 

/     da 

/    de 

/di 

/  do 

/  du 

^.    fa 

V.  fe 

V_fi 

V.    fo 

V^   fu 

>v^-  ga 

V^ge 

v  —  gi 

V*.  go 

>  —  gu 

/""ha 

^~  he 

/^-  hi 

S~  ho 

^hu 

^  ja 

.  ke 

ki 

"^  jo 

—   ku 

^ 

—  -  ko 

. 

/        la 

(     le 

f  h 

r  io 

r  lu 

s"     N     "'              v  me 

s~-**  mi 

^•^  mo 

^^mu 

**—^ne 

^_^.m 

X=^  no 

^.xnu 

^"    pe 

<^Pl. 

x^  P° 

^pu 

W    .-iiia 

Vy   que 

^qut 

\J  quo 

X™ 

) 

}  I 

)     « 

1      so 

ta 

1    le 

1. 
11 

1      to 

,u 

_^S    \?i 

^-/    \e 

^^y  vi 

^    \o 

^/  vu 

\   wa 

~^*  we 

-*^s  wi 

"V  wu 

*^\    wo 

X  xa 

A  xe 

X  xi 

X 

Xxu 

U  ya 

U   ye 

u  * 

U  To 

U  yu 

|     ^            f|     ze 

n  - 

n  z° 

n. 

(      tha          f      the 

(     thi 

(      tho 

(   thu 

rha          (/  che 

^   chi 

J^    cho          /,  chu 
(/ 

/?  sha        //  she 

y^shi 

fl  sho         ^  shu 

/^\  wlia         f~\  whe 

^^  wht 

^*\  who         i*"  >    wh 

Second  Principle  of  Abbreviation— Vowels 
Incorporated  with  the  Consonants. 


\    ab 

\     eb 

\ib 

\     ob 

\     ub 

i 

• 

I 

_^     uc 

*/     ac 

-^    ec 

ic 

*^     oc 

/    ad 

/     ed 

'     id 

/   od 

/    ud 

V.   af 

^    ef 

V  if 

Vof 

^    uf 

V-  ag 

V.    eg 

V-.  ig 

^-    og 

v-  ug 

*X   aj 

*^'  eJ 

V.ij 

>•   oj 

^V    Uj 

—  ak 

—  ek 

—  ik 

—  ok 

—  uk 

f   al 

f   el 

C  ii 

fo\ 

f  ul 

^—  ^   am 

em 

'"^  im 

<*•*   om 

*-*<  um 

v^    an 

•*-s   en 

v_x  in 

v—  *•   on 

*~s  un 

^    ap 

/    ep 

^ip 

<S    op 

^    up 

~"\    ar 

N 

. 

^or 

~^\     ur 

i     er 

I 

)     as 

)     es 

)    is 

^        OS 

)     us 

1     at 

!     et 

1     U 

1  ot 

I     ut 

^        ZLV 

-•^     ev 

_j     iv 

^S     ov 

^      uv 

—  \      aw 

ew 

~~^     iw 

^      ow 

"^     uw 

V      ax 

X  ex 

Xix 

Xox 

X    ux 

U   *y 

U     ey 

U   iy 

u  °y 

U   uy 

n      az 

n     ez 

n  iZ 

n  oz 

n  uz 

(      ath 

(     eth 

(    ith 

(     oth 

C      uth 

(/     ach 

C/  ech 

<^ich 

^   och 

^     uch 

^?     ash 

^esh 

/^    ish 

/^  osh 

/?     ush 

20 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  27 

This  principle  consists,  as  is  here  illustrated,  in  the  incor- 
poration of  the  vowels  with  the  consonants,  and  is  the  most 
distinguishing  feature  of  this  Phonography,  and  gives  it  in 
the  most  perfect  manner  the  two  fundamental  principles  de- 
manded of  short  hand — the  greatest  possible  rapidity,  and 
legibility.  This  is  accomplished  as  follows  :  By  making  the 
consonants  heavy  at  the  last  end  they  include  the  vowel  A  ; 
heavy  at  the  first  end,  that  of  E  ;  comparatively  heavy  the 
whole  length,  I  ;  very  heavy  the  whole  length,  O  ;  and 
heavy  in  the  middle,  they  inclnde  U.  This  shading  is  illus- 
trated on  pages  25  and  26,  by  the  incorporation  of  all  the 
vowels  with  all  the  consonants  ;  one  page  of  which  are  made 
half  the  length  of  the  others,  the  reason  for  which  will  be 
seen  by  the  following  directions  governing  this  principle  : 

RULE  II. —  When  the  consonants  ate  full  length,  the  vowels 
they  incorporate  are  to  be  read  after  them,  and  if  half  length, 
the  vowels  are  to  be  read  before  the  consonants. 

This  simple  principle,  thtiefore,  denotes  with  undeviating 
certainty  the  vowels  affecting  the  sound  of  words,  both  the 
position  and  what  the  vowels  are  as  they  occur  in  the  regular 
formation  of  the  words  of  our  language.  Care  should  be 
taken  not  to  make  the  short  signs  more  than  half  length. 
Jn  writing  the  half-length  signs  for  it,  is,  if,  iv,  id,  ib,  ic, 
ith,  ich  and  ish,  they  need  only  be  made  light,  as  their  length 
shows  that  a  vowel  precedes  ;  and  as  it  cannot  be  A,  for  then 
it  would  be  made  heavy  at  the  last  end  ;  neither  can  it  be  E, 
for  then  it  would  be  heavy  at  the  first  end  ;  nor  O,  for  then  it 
would  be  heavy  the  whole  length  ;  and  if  it  was  U,  it  would 
be  heavy  in  the  middle  ;  it  must  therefore  be  the  vowel  I. 

The  reason  why  we  use  the  terms  first  and  last  ends  in 
describing  the  construction  of  the  consonants  with  vowels,  in- 
stead of  the  upper  and  lower,  is  the  fact  that  some  of  them 
are  horizontal,  and  others  are  struck  upwards.  P,  for  exam- 
ple, being  struck  up,  if  it  incorporates  the  vowel  A,  the  upper 
end,  the  last  made,  would  be  heavy  ;  and  if  T,  the  lower  end 
and  last  made  would  be  heavy.  The  formation  of  words 
must  be  in  accordance  with  the  following  : 

RULE  III. — If  words  are  not  contracted  by  some  of  the 


28         MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

principles,  but  written  out  in  full,  all  the  consonants  they 
contain  with  the  vowels  incorporated  must  be  finished  with- 
out taking  off  the  pen,  the  first  of  which  if  struck  upward 
must  commence  on  the  line  of  writing,  and  the  remainder 
connected  successively  from  the  upper  end,  and  if  struck 
downward  the  remaining  Phonographs  must  follow  in  suc- 
cession from  the  lower  end.  If  the  first  Phonograph  is  a 
horizontal  one,  those  following  must  connect  from  the  right 
hand,  as  all  the  writing  is  from  left  to  right,  as  in  long  hand. 
Of  course,  each  Phonograph  a  word  contains,  thougli,  thus 
succeeding  each  other,  must  have  its  own  length,  shading 
and  attitude  preserved,  just  as  though  each  stood  alone, 
without  regard  to  the  distance  the  writing  may  run  below 
the  line,  if  it  should  even  cross  the  line  below,  which  can  be 
skipped  when  that  line  comes  to  be  written  on. 

The  following  directions  are  to  be  observed  in  the  division 
and  pronunciation  of  words  : 

RULE  IV. —  IV fit' ii  a  Z'lnc'c/  occurs  in  a  ivon/,  affecting 
its  proper  sound,  either  preceding  or  succeeding  a  consonant, 
it  must  be  incorporated  and  pronounced  ivith  that  or.e  which 
•will  give  the  most  natural  sound  to  the  word,  and  this  furnis 
a  phonetic  syllable  without  regard  to  the  common  division  of 
words  into  syllables. 

For  example,  we  must  not  spell  and  speak  the  word  Fade, 
f-a-d,  but  fa-d,  sounding  the  a  with  the  d  in  one  sound. 
Not  t-i-m,  but  ti-m.  Not  r-e-d-ee-m,  but  re-d-m.  Hence 
in  our  syllables  we  have  the  following: 

RULE  V.  —  A  consonant  with  or  without  a  vowel  con- 
stitutes a  syllable,  and  made  by  a  single  motion  of  the  pen, 
therefore  whatever  is  heard  must  be  divided  into  as  many 
syllables  (which  we  call  elements)  as  there  are  such 
sounds  in  words,  this  is  our  idea  of  writing  by  sound,  and  to 
speak  these  characters  in  the  same  order  in  which  they  are 
written,  as,  ba,  be,  bi,  bo,  bu.  Or  ab,  eb,  ib,  ob,  ub,  when 
put  together  in  the  formation  of  words,  is  to  properly 
speak  the  words  themselves.  Indeed  this  is  so  simple  that  a 
child  of  twelve  years  may  learn  to  read  and  write  the  Eng- 
lish language  according  to  it  in  one-tenth  of  the  time  than 
with  the  common  alphabet  and  division  of  words. 


Third  Principle   of   Abbreviation.— The 
Accommodation   Signs. 

£          1  g,  circle,  and  n,  hook g-l-'i 

f         2  h,  circle,  and  m,  hook h-l-m 

/'"O    3  ;  ha,  circle,   Hail ha-1 

/^D    4  ho,  circle,  Hole ho-1 

/^         O  s,  dash,  and  y,  dot,  Sly s-l-y 

XTT     „) 

£  (>  curls,  pa  and  er pa-l-er 

P       ~ 

7  mo,  hook,  Mote mo-t 

8  no,  hook,   Note iio-t 

y       9  re,  hook,  and  v,  loop re-c-v 

^ ?  10  we,  loop,  and  le,  hook we-k-le 

11  la,  curl,  late la-t 

12  ra,  curl,  rate ra-t 

V_J3   13  rd,  curl,  gard , g-rd 

J      14  rt,  curl,  tart .t-rt 

'    |     15  x,  dash,  exit x-it 

_L   16  ax,  dash,  tax t-ax 

"* — x!7  ox,  dash,  oxen ox-n 

• 18  so,  dash,  soke so-k 

V      19  ted,  dash,  seated c-ted 

./  20  dad,  dash,  seded c-ded 

*^  21  z,  curve    zero ...z-ro 


30  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

This  principle  consists,  as  here  illustrated,  in  the  substitu- 
tion of  what  we  denominate  "  Accommodation  "  signs,  to  be 
used  in  place  of  the  long  signs  when  there  are  no  vowels  to 
be  incorporated  with  them  ;  the  exceptions  to  this  will  be 
specifically  described.  We  may  here  remark  that  there  are 
words  which  are  easier  to  be  written  with  the  long  signs, 
even  when  they  have  vowels ;  this  the  learner  will  soon 
discover  in  practice.  We  may  also  remark,  that  it  is  of 
great  importance  that  a  word  should  not  only  be  written  in 
the  easiest  form,  but  always  in  the  same  form,  by  which 
means  we  keep  in  harmony  with  the  great  law  of  habit. 

Some  of  the  advantages  secured  by  the  use  of  the  "Ac- 
commodation "  signs  are  :  First,  that  they  are  easier  made. 
Secondly,  they  occupy  less  space,  and  thirdly,  they  make  the 
writing  more  legible.  Most  of  these  characters  have  the 
same  form  and  are  in  pairs,  when  such  is  the  case,  they  are 
to  be  distinguished  from  each  other  by  the  one  being  shaded 
according  to 

RULE  VI.—  That  Utlerin  the  pair  following  the  other  in 
our  common  English  alphabet  must  be  made  heavy  at  some 
part  cf  it,  and  when  any  one  of  these  signs  cannot  be  so  dis- 
tinguished, both  having  the  same  consonant  to  begin  with, 
then  the  two  last  are  to  be  used  for  the  purpose.  For  ex- 
ample, "ture  "  and  ''live,"  as  in  the  words  "  nature  "  and 
"native,"  are  to  be  distinguished  by  making  the  V  heavy  as  it 
follows  the  R  in  the  alphabet,  and  being  the  last  consonants 
in  these  parts  of  words. 

These  signs  are  all  illustrated  and  numbered  on  page  29. 
But  as  it  is  of  great  importance  to  have  clear  views  of  their 
use,  we  will  give  a  brief  explanation  of  each  in  the  order 
numbered.  By  turning  to  the  page  it  will  be  seen  that  they 
consist  in  circles,  loops,  short  and  long  hooks,  dots,  dashes, 
etc.  These  are  to  be  made  principally  at  the  commence- 
ment and  end  of  words,  and  not  between  their  syllables,  unless 
by  the  natural  forward  movement  of  the  pen,  or  not  having 
to  turn  it  in  a  contrary  direction,  as  this  will  consume  more 
time  than  to  make  the  long  signs.  We  may  here  also 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  31 

remark  that  the  "Accommodation"  signs  may  be  made  on 
either  side  of  long  signs,  and  should  ba  upon  that  which 
permits  the  most  natural  movement  of  the  pen. 

The  first  two  of  these  signs  are  the  G  circle  and  N  hook, 
and  are  connected  with  the  long  sign  L.  See  No.  I.  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  N  is  made  heavy  to  distinguish  it 
from  M,  and  the  G  is  light  to  distinguish  it  from  H  accord- 
ing to  Rule  VI.  These  three  Phonographs,  thus  formed, 
give  us  the  sounds  in  the  word  "  glen."  The  e  being  silent 
is  omitted,  divided  g-l-n. 

No.  2  illustrates  the  formation  and  connection  of  the  H 
circle  and  M  hook  attached  here  to  the  long  sign  L.  It  will 
be  seen  that  the  H  is  made  heavy  because  coming  after  the 
G  in  the  alphabet.  The  sounds  of  the  II  L  and  M  give  us 
the  word  "  Helm,"  divided  h-l-m. 

No.  3  b  the  H  circle,  doubled  in  size,  which  shows  that  it 
contains  the  vowel  A,  and  sounded  with  it  in  the  word 
"  hail,"  and  here  formed  on  the  long  L  gives  us  this  word 
thus  divided,  ha-1. 

No.  4  is  the  H  circle  made  heavy  and  double  size,  show- 
ing that  it  incorporates  the  vowel  O,  here  also  connected 
with  the  long  sign  L,  illustrated  by  the  word  "Hole, "di- 
vided and  pronounced  ho-1. 

No.  5  illustrates  the  tick  S  and  dot  Y.  This  S  and  Y 
must  be  made  without  taking  the  pen  off  until  the  word 
is  finished.  These  connected  here  with  the  long  L  spell  the 
word  "  Sly, "  divided  s-l-y. 

No.  6  shows  the  two  curls,  Pa  and  Er.  These  are 
the  same  sign,  but  signifies  Pa  at  the  commencement  and  Er 
at  the  end  of  words.  The  small  stem  following  the  circle 
must  be  made  parallel  with  the  long  sign  to  which  it  is  at- 
tached, and  must  only  be  made  on  words  commencing  with 
Pa,  and  at  the  end  of  words  terminating  with  Er.  These 
are  here  connected  with  the  long  L,  and  give  the  sounds  in 
the  word  "Paler,"  divided  pa-l-er. 

No.  7  is  the  Mo  hook,  made  double  the  size  of  the  M  hook, 
thus  incorporating  the  vowel  O,  and  is  here  attached  to  the 


32  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

long  sign  T,  sounded  with  which  it  gives  us  the  word 
"Mote,"  divided  mo-t. 

No.  8  is  the  No  hook,  made  also  double  the  size  of  the  N, 
and  heavy,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Mo  hook.  It  is  here 
also  attached  to  the  long  sign  T,  and  gives  us  the  two  sounds 
in  the  word  ' '  Note, "  divided  and  expressed  no-t. 

No.  9  is  the  Re  hook  and  V  loop,  both  of  which  are  made 
heavy  to  distinguish  them  from  the  Le  hook  and  We  loop. 
They  are  here  attached  to  the  long  C,  sounded  with  which 
we  have  the  word  "receive,"  divided  and  pronounced re-c-v. 

No.  10  illustrates  the  We  loop  and  Le  hook,  here  attached 
to  the  long  K,  giving  the  sounds  of  the  word  "Weekly," 
divided  and  pronounced  we-k-le. 

No.  1 1  is  the  La  curl,  and  for  these  letters  is  always  to 
be  used  at  the  commencement,  and  never  at  the  end  of 
words.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  stem  of  this  curl  stands  at 
right  angles  with  the  long  sign  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
must  always  be  thus  formed.  It  is  here  connected  and 
sounded  with  it,  giving  us  the  word  "  Late,"  divided  la-t. 

No.  12  is  the  Ra  curl,  and  is  made  heavy  to  distinguish 
it  from  that  of  La.  This  is  to  be  used  in  words  commencing 
with  Ra.  It  is  here  connected  with  T,  and  sounded  with 
it  gives  us  the  word  "Rate,"'  divided  ra-t. 

No.  13  is  the  Rd  curl,  made  in  the  same  form  as  the  La  and 
ra ;  but  always  at  the  ends  of  words,  and  of  course,  with 
those  ending  with  these  letters.  It  is  here  attached  to  the 
consonant  g,  sounded  with  which,  we  have  the  word  "  gard," 
divided  g-rd. 

No.  14  is  the  same  curl,  but  made  heavy  to  distinguish  it. 
It  is  here  attached  to  t,  and  pronounced  with  which  we  have 
the  word  "  tart,"  divided  t-rt. 

No.  15  is  the  X,  which  is  formed  by  a  light  dash  across 
the  consonant,  near  the  end  at  which  it  is  to  be  sounded,  so 
that  it  forms  a  cross.  In  this  example,  it  is  made  across  the 
half  length  t,  showing  the  vowel  i  comes  before  it,  and  gives 
us  the  word  "  exit,"  divided  x-it. 

No.    16   illustrates  this  x,  crossing  the   lower   end  of  the 


MITCHELL'S  ICONOGRAPHY.  33 

long  sign  t,  and  made  heavy  at  the  last  end,  thus  incorpo- 
rating the  vowel  a.  The  word  thus  formed  is  tax,  divided 
t-ax. 

No.  1 7  further  illustrates  this  x,  by  being  made  a  heavy 
dash  all  the  way,  thereby  incorporating  the  vowel  o.  It  is 
here  written  across  the  first  part  of  the  long  n,  showing  that 
it  must  be  sounded  before  it.  The  word  thus  formed  is 
oxen,  divided  ox-n. 

No.  1 8  illustrates  the  incorporation  of  o  with  the  tick  s,  by 
making  the  s  heavy,  and  to  be  pronounced,  not  s-o  sepa- 
rately, but  so,  as  in  the  word  "soke,"  divided  so-k. 

No.  19  is  a  heavy  dash,  crossing  the  last  end  of  the  last 
phonograph  in  the  words  which  end  with  the  letters  ' '  ted. " 
In  this  example  it  is  connected  with  the  long  c,  and  pro- 
nounced at  the  end  of  which  we  have  the  sounds  of  the 
word  seated,  divided  c-ted. 

No.  2O  illustrates  the  same  dash,  formed  in  the  same  man- 
ner, and  at  the  end  of  words,  but  made  light  to  represent 
the  letters  "ded,"when  they  close  words.  It  is  here  also 
connected  with  the  long  c,  and  spoken  after  which  gives  us 
the  sounds  of  the  word  seded,  divided  c-ded. 

No.  21  illustrates  the  accommodation  z,  and  is  a  small 
curve  crossing  the  phonograph  near  the  end  at  which  it  is  to 
be  sounded.  This  z,  like  the  x,  may  be  attached  to  any  of 
the  phonographs  in  a  word  ;  and  if  it  is  to  be  read  before  the 
first  one,  it  should  be  made  before  it.  It  here  crosses  the 
ro  near  its  first  end,  showing  that  it  is  to  be  sounded  before  it, 
and  here  gives  us  the  word  "  zero,"  divided  z-ro. 

•  The  general  principle  of  contraction,  as  provided  by  Rule, 
is  also  applicable  to  words  which  commence  with  one  of  these 
"accommodation  signs,"  according  to  which,  the  long  sign 
following  any  of  these  must  be  written  across  the  line,  thus 
showing  that  a  part  only  of  the  word  is  written,  and  that  the 
connection  must  be  depended  upon  to  show  what  the  whole 
word  is  ;  the  accommodation  sign,  being  attached  to  the  fol- 
lowing long  phonograph  in  the  word,  must  spell  two,  three, 
or  four  of  the  first  sounds  in  the  word,  and  it  is  very  evident 


84  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

that  by  writing  so  much  of  a.most  any  word  in  our  language, 
especially  of  a  sentence,  the  connection  may  safely  be  de- 
pended upon  to  supply  the  last  part  of  the  word.  For  ex- 
ample, take  the  following  :  "The  no-t  was  published  in  the 
pap-p  that  the  property  was  to  be  so-1.  "  Again  :  '  '  it  is  a  ti- 
of  g-r  x-ci  in  Philadelphia  at  the  pre-s  moment.  "  Again  : 
"it  is  re-s  to  sup  that  if  the  pro-pri  of  the  hotel  had  been 
pre-s  things  would  have  been  otherwise."  Again:  "he  was 
very  z-l  in  the  cause.  " 

It  will  be  seen  that  we  have  used  some  prefixes  in  the  con- 
traction of  these  sentences  as  well  as  the  accommodation 
signs  they  contain,  such  as  sup  for  suppose  ;  pre-s  for  pres- 
ent, and  pro-pri  for  proprietor;  but  it  is  certain  that  the 
connection  will  suggest  any  number  of  such  abbreviations,  es- 
pecially when  the  signs  are  phonographic,  and  written  in 
the  position  which  shows  them  to  be  contractions,  and  yet 
spelling  such  portions  of  the  words  as  here  indicated. 

Fourth    Principle   of  Abbreviation  —  The 
Vowel  Signs. 


C  j  C  ^ 

These  signs  are  small  curves  of  different  positions,  the 
forms  and  sizes  of  which  are  the  printed  example.  The  I 
and  U  are  to  be  used  as  personal  pronouns  ;  and  when  so 
used,  must  stand  alone  on  the  line  of  writing,  and  spaced  as 
other  words.  They  are  also  used  as  alphabetical  word-signs; 
but  when  so  used,  they  occupy  the  regular  places  of  word- 
signs.  But  this  principal  of  contraction  applies  to  all  words 
commencing  with  long  vowels,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
following  : 

RULE  VII.  —  The  vowel-sign  must  be  written  first,  and  the 
following  phonograph  in  the  word  for  the  whole  word. 
There  must  be  a  small  space  between  it  and  the  phonograph, 
and  neither  must  touch  the  line  of  writing.  These  two 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  35 

signs  spell  so  much  of  the  word,  that  with  the  connection 
they  will  easily  determine  the  whole  word.  The  vowel-sign 
must  be  written  at  that  point  where  the  succeeding  phono- 
graph is  to  commence. 

EXAMPLES. 

Write  the  vowel-sign  a,  and  the  sign  for  bi,  and  you  have 
the  contraction  for  abide.  Write  the  vowel-sign  i  and  the 
sign  for  d,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for  idolatry.  Write 
the  vowel-sign  e  and  the  sign  for  t,  and  you  have  the  con- 
traction for  the  word  eternity.  Write  the  vowel-sign  for  o 
and  the  sign  for  c,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for  the  word 
ocean.  This  principle,  it  must  be  remembered,  like  all  the 
others,  applies  to  all  the  forms  of  the  verb,  whether  plural 
or  singular  ;  for  example,  i-d  is  the  contraction  for  idol,  idols, 
idolatry,  idolaters,  idolize,  or  idolizing.  The  connection  will 
easily  show  what  form  is  meant. 


Fifth   Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  consists  as  here  illustrated  in  the  use  of  alphabetical 
and  other  signs  for  prefixes  and  affixes,  and  governed  by 
Rule  VIII  as  follows  :  The  place  for  the  prefixes  to  occupy 
is  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch  above  the  line  ;  whether  they 
are  perpendicular  or  horizontal  signs,  or  standing  in  any 
other  angle,  no  part  of  them  should  come  any  nearer  the 
line  than  this.  They  must  be  made  as  near  the  Phonographs 
\rhich  precede  or  follow  them  as  may  be  without  touching. 
The  exceptions  to  this  rule  will  hereafter  be  explained. 
Any  number  of  these  characters  contained  in  a  word  may  be 
written  successively  for  any  part  or  the  whole  of  the  word, 
but  a  single  Phonograph  must  always  follow  one  of  these,  or 
else  it  would  be  taken  for  a  first  place  word-sign. 
Examples  : 

"Po"  is  the  prefix  for  pro,  and  "pi"  for  pri,  the  word 
proprietor,  pro-pri  may  be  written.  These  may  be  written 
under  each  other  and  close  to  each  other  if  they  are  hori- 
zontal signs,  or  standing  in  any  other  position  but  perpen- 
dicular, and  then  they  follow  each  other  from  left  to  right  as 
they  sound  in  the  words.  When  a  prefix  and  an  affix  con- 
stitute the  whole  word,  as  in  the  word  "  progress,"  it  may  be 
written  by  po,  the  prefix  for  pro,  and  g,  the  affix  for  gress.  All 
words  commencing  with  long  or  accented  vowels  may  be 
contracted  by  writing  the  vowel  and  the  Phonograph  follow- 
ing it  in  the  word,  the  whole  word  will  easily  be  understood 
by  the  connection. 
Examples  : 

"We  pro-c  to  take  possession  of  the  property."  We 
proceeded  to  take  possession  of  the  property.  "  It  was  a 
dis-t  sight  to  witness  such  suf-er. "  It  was  a  distressing  sight 
to  witness  such  suffering.  Care  should  be  taken  in  case  an 
uncommon  word  or  a  long  one  is  to  be  written,  a  prefix  and 
a  sufficient  number  of  the  succeeding  Phonographs  should 
be  written,  so  as  to  leave  no  room  for  hesitation  in  reading ; 
thus,  by  two  motions  of  the  hand  each  of  such  words  in  the 
English  language  is  legibly  written,  and  they  are  to  be 
counted  by  thousands,  which  have  these  prefixes  and  affixes, 
and  by  the  employment  of  this  one  principle  of  contraction, 
36 


Prefix    Illustrations. 


J 
J 

J 

ce    = 

ca   == 

cer 
cen 
cal 

c-t-fi        — 
ce-te       = 
ca-cu-lat  = 

certify, 
center, 
calculate. 

J 

J 

J 

cu    "= 

CO    = 

ci     = 

sup 
coun 
sig 

cu-pos      = 
co-t 
ci-ni-fi      = 

suppose, 
county, 
signify. 

) 

su    = 

sub 

su-m-it     = 

submit. 

v- 

f      

fill 

f-te 

filter. 

v_ 

fe    = 

fre 

fe-d-um    = 

freedom. 

V 

fu    — 

full 

fu-f 

fulfill. 

V 

fo    = 

for 

fo-f-it       = 

forfit 

^  • 

fa    = 

fra 

fa-te-ni-z  = 

fraternize. 

"^ 

r      ^^~ 

ren 

r-de          = 

render. 

"> 

re    = 

recom 

re-p-en    = 

recompense. 

~>v 

ra    = 

recon 

ra-si-de    = 

reconsider. 

v_ 

g     — 

gre 

g-v 

grieve. 

V- 

ge    = 

gen 

ge-de       = 

gender. 

^. 

go    = 

glo 

go-ri         — 

glory. 

r 

ly    = 

lim 

ly-it          = 

limit. 

^ 

m    == 

mem 

m-be        == 

member  . 

s_, 

ne   = 

new 

ne-yo-r-k= 

New  York. 

^ 

ma  = 

man 

ma-da-t   = 

mandate. 

x-° 

ph   = 

phil 

ph-os       = 

philosophy. 

37 

452178 


Prefixes. — Illustrations. 


Signs. 


Phonetics. 

Words. 

v             

ver 

ver-b 

verb. 

p     = 

pre 

pre-v-s        = 

previous. 

pa     = 

pra 

pra-s 

praise. 

pi     = 

pri 

pri-d 

pride. 

po     = 

pro 

pro-n 

prone. 

pu     = 

pru 

pru-v 

prove. 

w      = 

with 

with-d-ru    = 

withdrew. 

d     = 

dis 

dis-b-and    = 

disband. 

ti 

tri 

tri-1 

trial. 

to      = 

tro 

tro-fe 

trophy. 

ta      = 

tra 

tra-d 

trade. 

tu      = 

tru 

tru-c 

truce. 

sus    = 
sue  = 

sus 
sue 

sus-p-end    = 
suc-k-er        = 

suspend, 
succor. 

iny  = 

indis 

in-dis-po-s-d= 

indisposed 

in     = 

inter 

inter-est       = 

interest. 

en     = 

enter 

enter-ta-n    = 

entertain. 

an     = 

anti 

an-ti-type     = 

antitype. 

un     = 

under 

under-ra-t    = 

underrate. 

ar      = 

arch 

arch-e 

archives. 

or     = 

organ 

organ-iz       = 

organize. 

ov     = 

over 

over-bo-r-n  = 

overborne. 

ip     — 

slip 

stip-u-late   == 

stipulate. 

ap     — 

ap 

ap-p-1 

appeal. 

op     = 

op 

op-po-s        = 

oppose. 

ad     — 

ad 

ad-du-c        = 

adduce. 

ol     = 
mis  = 
con  = 
com  = 

ol 
mis 
con 
com 

ol-iv             = 
mis-ta-k       = 
con-t-end    = 
com-bi-n      = 

olive, 
mistake, 
contend, 
combine. 

f) 


EXPLANATION. — The  light  and  heavy  dots  for  con  and 
com  are  to  be  made  first,  and  stand  parallel  with  the  phono- 
graphs which  follow.  38 


/'    3 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 
Prefixes  and  Peculiar  Sounds 

=  he-t  =  heat. 

=  me-t  =  meat. 

=  lo-d  =  load. 

=  ro-d  =  road. 

=  fa-1  =  fail. 

=  va-1  =  vail. 

=  stra-t  =  straight. 

=  stro-1  =  stroll. 
—  seL 

inm  =  incom. 

=  inn  =  incon. 

=  ag  =  mag. 

=  s-ang  =  sang. 

=  s-ong  =  song. 

=  s-ung  =  sung. 

=  1-eng  as  in  length,  1-eng-th. 

=  r-ink  =  rink. 

=  r-ank  =  rank. 

=  f-oo-1  =  fool. 


39 


•)  10 


40  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


Explanations  of  Page  39. 

The  dots  I  and  2  are  the  prefixes  he  and  me.  The  me  is 
made  heavy,  and  must  occupy  the  same  positions  in  relation 
to  any  other  Phonographs  as  in  these  illustrations.  The 
same  directions  apply  to  3,  4,  5,  6,  7  and  8.  The  shading  is  to 
be  done  according  to  the  principle,  that  the  one  in  each  pair 
coming  last  in  the  common  alphabet,  must  be  made  heavy. 

The  dots  9  and  10,  representing  the  peculiar  sounds, 
"ang  "  and  "ong,"  and  made  wherever  they  occur  in 
words,  are  to  be  made  on  either  side  of  the  preceding  Pho- 
nograph and  at  the  middle,  but  not  touching  it. 

The  same  directions  apply  to  Nos.  II  and  12,  which 
dashes  represent  the  sounds  "ung"and  "eng,"  and  also  to 
the  ticks  No.  13  and  14,  only  these  are  to  be  made  at  the 
sides  and  near  the  last  end  of  the  preceding  Phonographs. 
It  will  be  observed  that  one  of  these  is  made  heavy  at  the 
upper  end  and  the  other  at  the  lower,  which  gives  them 
their  distinction  from  each  other. 

No  15  is  the  diphthong  "oo,"  and  in  the  illustration  is 
the  long  point,  running  off  after  making  the  F,  and  back 
again  to  the  same  point  at  which  the  L  commences.  It 
should  be  made  at  such  an  angle  that  would  easily  distinguish 
it  from  being  a  part  of  the  other  Phonographs  between 
which  it  always  occurs. 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  41 

Prefix  and  Affix   Illustrations. 


/ 

da 

=  date 

can-di-da  = 

Candidate. 

1 

t 

=  tre 

t-t             = 

Treat. 

1 

te 

=  ter 

te-m         = 

Term. 

i 

ta 

=  tary 

ta-to         = 

Taratory. 

/ 

de 

=  der 

de-g         = 

Dirge. 

/ 

dy 

=  dri,  dry 

dy-v         = 

Drive. 

\ 

b 

=  ble,  bly 

fe-b 

Feble. 

\ 

bi 

=  bri 

bi-d           = 

Bride. 

\ 

bo 

=  bro 

bo-k         = 

Broke. 

\ 

ba 

=  bra 

ba-d         = 

Braid. 

\ 

be 

=  bre 

be-d         = 

Breed. 

\ 

bu 

=  bru 

bu-d         = 

Brood. 

r 

I 

=  leet 

e-1            = 

Elect. 

V, 

fm 

=  form 

fm-a         = 

Formation. 

/? 

sh 

=  ship 

ts-sh         = 

Transship. 

^> 

py 

=  pil 

py-ig      = 

Pillage. 

^ 

pe 

=  per 

pe-che-s  = 

Perchase. 

^£> 

pie 

=  pie,  pel 

ple-d        = 

Plead. 

"S 

we 

=  well 

we-b-ing  = 

Wellbeing. 

> 

ev 

=  ever 

fo-ev        = 

Forever. 

^ 

c-er 

=  circum 

cer-v-n     =» 

Circumvent. 

e 

=  equal 

e-iz           = 

Equalize. 

These    words    are    only  contracted  by  the  prefixes  and 
affixes,  according  to  the  rules. 


Affix  Illustrations. 


1 

to 

=  tory 

h-is-to      =  History. 

1 

tu 

=  tude 

te-pi-tu    =  Turpitude. 

r 

1 

=  less 

fm-1         =  Formless. 

/ 

d 

=  der 

m-ed-d     =  Meddler. 

v_ 

g 

=  gress 

ts-g           =  Transgress. 

V_ 

ge 

n 

=  gence 

=  ent 

al-le-ge    =  Allegence. 
s-n           =  Sent. 

^ 

ne 

=  ness 

che-r-ful-ne  =  Cheerfulness. 

^—  v 

ma 

=  man 

un-man     =  Unman. 

—  N 

w 

=  ward 

fo-w          =  Forward. 

-X 

\o 

=  \ol\e 

in-vo        =  Involve. 

\ 

1 

ab 
at 

=  ability 
=  ate 

d-ab          =  Disability, 
cre-at       =  Create. 

r 

u 

=  ility 

c-v-il         =  Civility. 

r 

r 

al 
ol 

=  ality 
=  ology 

so-she-al  =  Sociality, 
g-ol          =  Geology. 

r 

ul 

=  ulity 

n-ul          =  Nullity. 

—  - 

in 

=  ince 

s-in           =  Since. 

^ 

an 

=  ance 

g-l-an       =  Glance. 

<^- 

en 

=  ence 

si-en         =  Science. 

«~ 

on 

=  once 

an  on       =  An-once. 

^__ 

un 

=  unce 

d-un         =  Dunce. 

) 

is 

=  ist 

la-is          =  Latest. 

) 

as 

=  ast 

1-as          =  Last. 

1 

es 

=  est 

t-es          =  Test. 

} 

OS 

us 

=  osophy 
=  ust 

fos          =  Filosophy. 
d-us         =  Dust. 

j 

ic 

=  ict 

d-p-ic      =  Depict. 

J 

ac 
ec 

=  act 
=  ect 

ts-ac        =  Transact, 
d-t-ec      =  Detect. 

j 

oc 

=  oct 

1-oc          =  Locked. 

42 

Affix  Illustrations. 


y 

uc 

=  uct 

Product 

=  pro-d-uc. 

v_ 

g 

=  igged 

Digged 

—  d-ig. 

v^ 

ag 

=  agged 

Flagged 

—  f-l-ag. 

v_ 

eg 

=  egged 

Begged 

=  b-eg. 

V.. 

°g 

=  ogged 

Flogged 

=  f-l-og. 

v_ 

ug 

=  ugged 

Hugged 

=  h-ug. 

*— 

m 

=  imped 

Crimped 

=  k-r-im. 

-^ 

am 

=  amped 

Cramped 

=  k-r-am. 

«^ 

em 

=  emped 

Exempt 

=  x-em. 

_ 

om 

=  ompted 

Prompt 

=  p-r-om. 

/-v 

um 

=  umped 

Pumped 

=  p-um. 

n 

1Z 

=  ism 

Deism 

=  d-iz 

s* 

16 

=  ler 

Parler 

=  p-r-le. 

"\ 

ra 

=  rate 

Grate 

=  g-ra. 

r 

la 

=  late 

Translate 

=  trans-la. 

r 

lo 

=  logical 

Illogical. 

—  il-lo 

^ 

c 

=  tial 

Partial 

=  p-r-c. 

^s 

V 

=  vent 

Invent 

==  in-v. 

\ 

* 

=  type 

Antitype 

=  an-ti-ty. 

1 

sto 

=  stone 

Hailstone 

=  ha-l-sto. 

/ 

p 

=  press 

Impress 

=  im-p. 

V. 

f 

=  feet 

Effect 

=  f-f. 

ga 

=  graph 

Photograph 

=  fo-to-ga. 

•I 

st 

==  slant 

Instant 

=  in-  st. 

' 

k 

=  cable 

Communicable 

=  com-mu-n:-lc. 

C 

a 

=  able 

Disable 

—  d-a. 

-1 

intima= 

Intimation 

=  in-ti-ma. 

'-r* 

43 

44  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


Explanations  to   Page   41. 

No.  I  illustrates  the  affix,  "Mation,"  as  in  the  word  In- 
timation, but  this  affix  is  always  to  be  made  by  the  change 
of  the  first  Phonograph  it  contains,  and  must  cross  the 
previous  Phonograph.  It  is  always  to  be  read  after  the 
Phonograph  which  it  crosses,  and  of  course  is  the  last  part  of 
the  word. 
Examples  : 

Intimation,  divided  as  in  No.  i  this  page. 

Intimidation,     in-t-im-mi-a'rt,    the     Phonograph     for     da 
crosses  im. 

Relation,  re-la,  the  last  crossing  the  first. 

Invention,  in-vo,  the  last  crossing  the  first. 

Combination,  com-bi-na,  the  na  crossing  bi. 

Consecration,  con-c-ra  for  ration. 

Congregation,  con-g-re-ga,  ga  crosses  the  re. 

Invation,  in-va,  va  crossing  the  in. 

Approbation,  ap-po-ba,  ba  crossing  po. 

Imprecation,  im-p-ka,  ka  crossing  the  p. 

Realization,  re-1-li-za. 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


45 


Affixes. 

et     =  eter,     as  in  fetter — f-et. 
it      ==  iter,          "     litter — 1-it. 

ot     =  otir,         "     blotter — b-l-oL 
mutter — rn-ut 


ut     =  utter, 

ar     =  aret, 
er     =  erit, 


garret — g-ar. 
merit — m-er. 


or 

ur 
av 
iv 
ov 
uv 

ach 
ech 

och 
uch 
ash 

esh 
ish 
osh 
ush 


ority,  "  majority — ma-or. 

uret,  "  turret — t-ur. 

avity,  ' '  cavity — k-av. 

:  ivity,  "  declivity — d-k-l-iv. 

:  ovel,  "  hovel — h-ov. 

uvel,  "  shovel — sh-uv. 

matched — m-ach. 


ached, 
: eched, 


fetched  —  f-ech. 


==  iched,  "  diched — d-ich. 

=  oched,  "  notched — n-och. 

=  uched,  "  kluched — k-l-uch. 

=  ashed,  "  dashed — d-ash. 

=  eshed,  "  fleshed — f-l-esh. 

=  ished,  "  dished — d-ish. 

=  oshed,  "  woshed — w-osh. 

=  ushed,  "  gushed — g-ush. 


46 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 
Affix   Illustrations. 


\. 

1 

=  boyhood, 

divided  b-oy-hood. 

.J 

2 

=  action. 

"        ac-tion. 

.-^ 

3 

=  vicious, 

"        vi-cious. 

^_2, 

4 

=  nature, 

'  '       na-ture. 

sj> 

5 

=  native, 

"       na-tive. 

A 

6 

=  attend, 

"       at  -end. 

) 

7 

—  sing, 

"        s-ing. 

J 

8 

=  cement, 

"        c-ment. 

J 

9 

=  city, 

"       c-ity. 

"\ 

10 

=  arctic," 

r-tic. 

Explanations. 

In  No.  I  we  have  the  diphthong  "oi,"  which  we  form  by 
substituting  y  for  i,  the  closing  sound  of  which  is  I,  and  this 
being  one  of  our  consonants  we  make  it  half  length,  and 
heavy,  thus  incorporating  the  vowel  O,  hence  we  have  the 
same  sound  as  oi.  The  dash  following  this  diphthong  is  the 
affix  for  "hood,"  and,  as  in  this  example,  it  must  always 
stand  parallel  with  the  Phonograph  preceding. 

In  No.  2  we  have  the  "  tion, "  or  "  sion  "  dot,  made  light 
and  on  the  side,  near  the  end  of  the  Phonograph,  after 
which  it  is  to  be  sounded. 

In  No.  3  we  have  this  dot  for  cirous,  or  sious,  or  tious, 
and  made  heavy  is  the  affix  for  this  sound.  It  must  also 
occupy  the  same  position  in  relation  to  other  Phonographs 
as  the  "tion"  dot.  In  this  illustration  the  vi  being  struck 
upwards,  it  should  have  occupied  one  side  near  the  upper 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  47 

end,  after  which  it  is  to  be  sounded,  and  we  here  correct 
this  mistake  in  the  engraving. 

No.  4  is  the  curve  affix  for  "  ture,"  made  light  and  near  the 
end,  but  on  the  side  of  the  preceding  Phonograph. 

No.  5  is  the  affix  for  "  tive,"  made  in  the  same  form  and 
occupying  the  same  position  as  that  of  "ture,"  but  made 
heavy  to  distinguish  it. 

No.  6  shows  the  affix  for  "end,"  and  is  a  small  half  circle 
made  on  the  end  of  the  previous  Phonograph. 

No.  7  is  the  affix  light  dot  for  "ing,"  and  must  stand 
parallel  with  the  Phonograph  which  it  follows. 

No.  8  is  the  affix  dot  for  "ment,"  and  made  heavy  to 
distinguish  it  from  "ing." 

No.  9  shows  the  affix  dash  for  "ity,"  and  No.  10  is  the 
affix  for  tic,  the  last  of  which  is  made  heavy  to  distinguish  it 
in  the  pair.  These,  as  in  the  examples,  are  formed  on  the 
sides  and  near  the  end  of  the  Phonographs  they  follow,  and 
parallel  with  them. 


Sixth 


Principle  of  Abbreviation.  — Pho- 
netic Word  Signs. 


a 

FIRST  PLACE. 
alike 

-A. 

c 

g  on  page  73. 
SECOND  PI.ACB 

aid 

nz 
nb 

azote 
abundant 

fl 
\ 

Arizona 
able 

nd 

advance 

/ 

advantage 

ac 

accident 

J 

accomplish 

abs 

absence 

V 

abscond 

ach 

achieve 

> 

/, 

il 

almost 

s~ 

am 

ambition 

among 

af 

affect 

i 

after 

ag 
aJ 
as 

against 
adjacent 
assert 

V, 

^ 
^ 
\ 

again 
adjourn 

at 

attorney 

1 

an 
ans 

analogy 
anticipate 

1 

another 

ap 

...  appetite 

ar 
av 

argue 
average 

A 

arrange 

aw 

ash 

author 
ashamed 

^ 

f) 

away 

iV 

....  acknowledge 

'/ 

ath 
ay 

athletic 
...  a  year 

( 
1  1 

athirst 

ax 

axiom 

U 

ah 
ay 
a  s 

ah  me 
agent 
ascend 

C< 

S 

ahead 
alias 
ascent 

48 


b       . 
bi 

Phonetic 

Fins  r  PL.ACF. 
benevolent 
.    Babylon 

•  We 

B 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 
\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 
\ 

5 

\ 
\ 
\ 
\> 

No 

\ 

^ 

u 

49 

>rd  Signs. 

SKCOND  PLACE. 
believe 

bad 

he     . 

been 

tetter 
bid 

body 
beauty 
Bible 

In      . 
bo      . 

....  bird 
....  both 

bu     . 

....  build 

by    . 
b  m  . 

....  byword 

bn    . 

....  benediction 

benefit 
begin 

bg    - 
bh    . 

—  belong 
....  behold 

behind 
business 

bs     .. 
b  so  .. 

....  beseech 

b  re  .  . 

....  brethren 

breath 
be  like 
bemoan 

ble  .. 

....be  little 

b  mo., 
b  no  .. 

....  be  moved 
....  be  not 

b  rd.. 

fbe  on  your 

be  hard 

o  rt  .. 

(  guard 

barter 

by     .. 
oy       . 

....  be  very 
....  boy 

beverage 
boil 

c 

ca 
ce 
ci 

CO 

cu 

cy 
k 
ko 
ku 
ker 
kit 

ch 
cha 
che 
chi 
cho    . 
chu 

ch  y 
uch    . 

Phoneti< 

FIKST  PLACE. 
create 

3   Wo 
C 

J 

J 
J 

J 
J 

rd  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE 
certain 
calculate 
celebrate 

canvass 

celestial 

cite 

circle 
correspond 

company 

culminate 
cyclopedia 

cultivate 

civil 

.    cannot  be 

cover 

\ 

Z         1 

curious 

courtesy 

current 
cartage 

cartilage 

charity 
change 
cheer 

chide 
choir 
(church  and 

child 
character 
cherish 
chill 
choice 
church 

chemistry    . 
cluch 
....  cubit 

....  cease 
....  census 

'    |     state 
Christ 

much  more 

ub      . 
c  s 

club 
ceaseless 

c  n     . 

century 

50 


d 
da 
de 

di 
do 

Phonetic 

FIRST  PLACE. 
depart 
date 
death 

Wor 
3D 

/ 

'd  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACB. 
did 

dark 
debt 

direct 
down 

dine 

does 

du 
dy 
ds 
dso 
d  v 

.......  duplicate 
desire 
describe 
desolate 
devide 

/ 

duty 
design 

destitute 
dissolve 

develope 

dif 

d  m 
dn 

define 
demand 

| 

differ 
......  demonstrate 

dentist 
digest 

deny 

danger 

dh 

do  n 
dre 

die 
drd 

did  he 
do  not  know 

fi 
& 

°s 

damage 
..     do  not 

derange 
delight 
did  not  regard 

dream 

deliver 
disregard 

d  er 
d  no 
d  ic 
dec 

defer 
denote 
deficient 
decorate 
drw^ 

1 

demure 
did  nothing 

difficult 

declare 

51 


Alphabetical  Word  Signs. 


FIRST  PLACE. 


SECOND  PLACE. 


e 

ed 
ec 
ef 

eg 
el 

em 
uk 
en 
er 

es 
eth 
et 
iv 
ev 
eq 
ex 

X 

m  b 
thu 

sp 
n  n 

ey 

n  er 
n  m 
n  vi 
ep 
ek 

mf 
n  t 

easy 

D 

r 

f 
u 

X 
X 

c\ 

U 

fN 

I 

52 

erer 

.  edify 

educate 

.....  eccentric 
effect 

echo 
efficient 

eager 

egotistic 

electric 
eminate 
eucharist 

elevate 
emigrate 

unique 

entitle 
early 
estimate 
ethics 

enter 

earth 
establish 

ethonology 

eternal 
evident 

etiquette 
evil 
even 

evangelical 
equal 
examine 

...  equity 

example 
....    exhibit 

express 

embrace 

emblem 

en//*wsiastic 

thus 
especial 

essential 

endeavor 

eyesight 
ejaculate 

enemy 
eye  witness 

x.  eject 
...  energy 

enterprise 

never  mind 

en  masse 
envelop 

environment 
epithet 

episode 
equality 

ecclesiastic 
emerged  from 

entertain 

emphatic 
entreat 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.           F                 SECOND  PLACE. 

f 

fruit 

V 

en 

fa 

...  faith 

> 

father 

fe 

fear 

V 

feel 

fi 

fidelity 

V. 

finance 

fo 

force 

1 

for 

fu 

future 

^ 

full 

fy 

finger 

V, 

finish 

fm 

female 

Vo 

familiar 

fn 

fancy 

Vo 

final 

fg 

figure 

Vo 

forget 

fh 

furthermore 

Vo 

fetch 

f  mo 

for  money 

Vj 

for  more 

f  no 

for  now 

Vj 

for  not 

f  re 

freeze 

V 

free 

fie 

fleece 

^ 

flee 

f  rd 

foolhardy 

." 

forward 

firt 

fiery  darts 

v^ 

fine  arts 

fo  g 

(foregone 

V. 

forgive 

\   conclusion 

fer 

firm 

V 

further 

fes 

feast 

v^ 

festoon             53 

g 

gi 

g° 

gy 

gm 

g" 
go  s 

go  v 
gwe 

gog 
gre 
gle 
gmo 
gno 
ger 
grd 
gig 

gv 
gm 

gn 
g  ko 

g  th 
gr 

Phonetic 

FIRST  PLACE. 
get 

Woi 
G- 

O_ 

? 

'd  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE. 
give 
gather 

genuine 

gigantic 
gold 
.  guilt 

genius 

good 
guide 

gymnastic 
....  German 

guise 

germinate 
generate 
gospel 
govern 

generous 

...  gossip 

(goodgovern- 

(     ment 

good  water 

gorgeous 
grand 
gleam 

ghost 
greet 

give  more 
got  nothing 
gave  her 
.  .  got  marred 

give  most 

pot  no 

grave  error 

,..  giggle 

giant 

good  home 
grieve 
great  men 
general 
glorious  kingdom 

good  to  have 

great  advantage 

good  men 
gentile 
God's  kingdom 

give  their 
good  spirit 

give  the 

great  saviour 
great 

grace 

glad  to  be 
glad  to  do 

get  the 
good  deed           54 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.  H  SECOND  PLACE. 


h      

had 

s  — 

have 

ha 

habit 

^_^ 

hand 

he     

heat 

^_^ 

heaven 

hi      

high 

hide 

ho     

hold 

how 

hu 

husband 

*^ 

human 

h  y    . 

hypothesis 

/^~ 

hypocrisy 

h  s      

himself 

^_j 

herself 

h  m  

how  many 

hemisphere 

hie  

how  little 

h  mo  

h 

^_^^ 

how  many  more 

h  no   
h  we  

have  known 
here  we 

^2 

have  not 
have  we 

ho  v  
h  er  

how  very 
have  heard 

x^ 

however 
his  word 

hrd  

hardly 

>-A 

hard 

hrt    

heart  disease 

/ 

heart  felt 

hv    

harvest  time 

o_/ 

harvest 
heretofore 

h  w   
hn    
h  is   

herewith 

hence  it  is 
his  history 

v 

henceforth 
history 

h  ith    ... 

hitherto 

§ 

hither 
heard  him 

h  in  

hint 

O  ^ 

hinder 

hp    
h  ow  

how  people 
house 

Q 

happy 
hour 

o  n    
hf     

ht    
hd    

honor 
how  few 

how  to  be 
had  to  be 

c 

1 

he  had  faith 
have  to  be 

have  to  do 

Phonetic  "Word  Signs. 


j 

FIRST  PLACE. 

I  see 

I 
_i 

SECOND  PLACE. 

itself 

id 

identity 

/ 

idiot 

il 

illustrate 

r 

ill  will 

y  ill 

...  I  will  be 

s* 

I  will 

im 

....  impartial 

( 

imitate 

in 
im  y 

interest 
imminent 

— 

into 

..  imply 

in  s 

instruct 

increase 

incipient 

V^N 

ipse  dixit 

it 
is 

it  was 
is  the 

1 
} 

it  is 

is  it 

in  k 

in  case 

i 

incapable 

if 

if  the 

i 

if  it 

ify 
ifs 

if  we 

if  it  is  not 

v^ 

v. 

if  wisely 
if  it  is 

ifh 

ig      • 
in  v  . 

if  it  had  not 
ignominious 
iniquity 

V 

^> 

v^_ 

if  it  had 
ignorant 
innocent 

il  v 

illuminate 

r 

illusion 

ifn    . 

if  not  then 

v 

if  m  . 

if  men 

73 

^J> 

s  —  -N 

if  many 
immediate 

imap 

imagine 

image 

in  so  . 

in  so  much 

insolvent 

in  is  . 

instance 

*•—  x 

institute 

in  h  . 

inhabit 

) 
X_P 

inherit 

in  v  . 

involve 

**~& 

invite 

in  v  s 

invest 

investigate 

in  if  . 

in  effect 

(-* 

•—  \ 

inefficient 

in  ef  . 
in  t    . 
in  f  . 

ineffectual 
....  intend 
infer 

^ 

A 

infallible 
intelligent 
influence 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

3 

FIRST  PLACE. 
..   jealous 

J 

SECOND  PLACE. 
iust 

jaunt 

January 

je 

jeopard 

*< 

Jesus 

jo 
ja 

jy 

j  s 

jingle 
journal 

^ 

jest 
join 

judge 
just  what 
just  so 

jury 
just  while 

join  issue 

3  er 

journeymen 

^V 

journey 

jm 

jammed  in 

^> 

jam 

j  n 

jangle 

^> 

janitor 

j  g 

jle 
jre 

jubilee 
Lord  Jehovah 

^ 
«^^ 

Jew 
Jehovah 
just  let 
Jerusalem 

just  regard 

K 

ka 

kaleidoscope 

—— 

knave 

ke 

keep 

.— 

keen 

ki 

kindle 

____ 

kind 

ko 
kg 
kh 
k  m 
kn 

kind  and  good 

Q 

......  kingdom 
king  of  kings 
kingdom  of  Christ 
know  more 

kingdom  of  God 
know  most 

knowledge  of 
Skey    to    the 
mystery 

*£ 

knowledge 
key  note 

57 


1 

la 

le 
li 

lo 
lu 

iy 

Is 
1m 
1  n 

lg 

Ih 

leg 
len 
ie  v 
lu  x 
laf 
la  c 
las 

lat 
lab 
lad 
la  n 
la  m 
la  v 

ler 
uv 

Phonetic 

FIRST  PLACE. 
lecture 
late 
lent 
light 

Wo 
L 

r 
r 

r 

r 
r 
r 

r 
s~ 

(T 
f 

C 

t 

r 

(T 
{* 

\ 

J- 

1 

^ 

r 

9— 
y— 
V 

£ 

y 

58 

rd  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE. 
let 
labor 

letter 
liberty 

local 
loose 

,..  long; 

lucre 
like 
lesson 
lament 
landscape 

life 
let  us 

lame  man 
let  them 

legitimate 

......  legend 
let  her 
legislate 
length 

let  him 

league 

lenient 
level 

lever 

luxury 

..,,..  Lafayette 

lamp  of  life 
lacerate 
lazy 

latent 
label 
ladder 
language 
.  ..  lamb 

laconical 

lassitude 

latitude 
labyrinth 

lady  like 
languid 

lamb  like 

lavish 

lava 
learn 

love 

lawyer 
......  love  of  God 

Phonetic  Word.  Signs. 

m 
ma    .... 
me    .... 
mi     .... 

FIRST  PLACE. 
..  many 
..  made 
..  medium 

..  miser 

M. 

SECOND  PLACE. 
men 

man 

merchant 

mind 

mo    .... 

..  moderate 

*-*. 

mother 

mu 

mutual 

^^ 

music 

m  y  .... 
m  s    .... 
m  er 

..  myth 
..  misfortune 
mirth 
..  magnetic 

"     1) 

mystery 
myself 

mercy 
magistrate 

m  g  ... 

m  h  ... 
m  m 

.  .  may  have  had 
member 
,  manage 
..  mortal 

..  manufacture 
..  master 

^T 

may  have 
memory 
manner 
moment 
manifest 

m  n 

mo  m  . 

ma  n  .. 
ma  s  .  .  . 

measure 

m  il  ... 

..  millennium 

r 

million 

m  is 

mistake 

5 

CL/ 

mislead 
minister 
magnamimous 

middle 

m  in 

miniature 

m  2 

magnificence 

m  id  ... 

...  midway 

m  1 

melody 

r 

C 

military 
most  certainly 
march 

may  think 
made  to 
may  do 

me   ... 

m  r 

..  Member  of  Con. 
march  of 

mth... 
m  t 

...  many  things 
may  be  true 

m  d  ... 

...  may  do  so 

m  b  ... 

...  may  be  so 

<\ 

may  be 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 


n. 

FIRST  PLACE. 
need 

N_ 

SECOND  PLAC- 
never 

na 

nature 

name 

ne 

negotiate 

^ 

neither 

ni 

....  night 

nice 

no 

o 

none 

not 

nu 

nutriment 

^""* 

number 

ny 
ne  s 

near  by 
nervous 

^ 

near 
......  necessary 

n  er 
n  s 

new  earth 
nothing  more 

^2 

neurology 
nothing 

o 

nh 
n  m 

new  heaven 
neither  had 

v  P 

new  home 
not  meant 

n  n 

nothing  new 

^ 

nothing  strange 

ne  v 

nevertheless 

v* 

notwithstanding 

n  s 

no  sense 

cs 

nonsense 

n  rd 

no  hardship 

/ 

not  hard 

no  t 

note  in  hand 

•  —  R 

n 

notify 

no  d 

no  danger 

1 

......  no  damage 

no  b 

....  no  better 

c\ 

no  body 

\ 

np 

not  proven 

(^ 

not  present 

no  p 

no  party 

ex 

no  people 

n  t 

not  to  see 

1 

not  to  be 

nd 

no  advantage 

i 

7 

not  done 

nb 

never  been 

«\ 

not  best 

no  k 

no  question 

0_ 

no  cause 

no  v 

no  virtue 

C_x 

novice 

60 


Phonetic  "Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.             O               SECOND  PLACE. 

o 
ob 

od 
op 
op  s 

obg. 
ob  s 

origin 
obscure 

\ 
/ 

x-\ 

N 

own 

obtain 

1 

J  odd 

odd  encmgh 
operate 
opposite 

oppress 

objected  to 

object 

....   observe 

obstruct 

ob  v 
op  n  . 
ofh  . 

obvious  to 
opponent 
of  heaven 

>s 
Vo 

obvious 
opinion 

of  him 

on 



^^ 

only 

on  h  . 

on  account 

sJ> 

on  hand 

om     . 
of       . 
ov 
ol      . 

omnipotent 
offer 
o  versicf  h  t 

f 

ominous 
offence 

over 

Old  Testament 

old 

or 

ordinary 

*\ 

order 

org  . 

organ 

•^ 

orgies 

oc 

OS 

oth    . 
oth  s. 

occasion 
ostensible 

J 

occur 
ostentation 
other 

otherwise 
others  were  sent 

others  said 

of  n  . 

often  done 

^ 

often 

ofs    . 

office  holder 

Vj 

office 

obb. 

....  obituary 

\ 

obedient 

61 


Phonetic  Word.  Signs. 


FIRST  PLACE. 

p 

people 

pa 

paid 

pe 

person 

P! 

piety 

po 

position 

pu 

public 

py 

particular 

ps 

passed 

p  er 

purpose 

p  m 

......  permeate 

pn 

penalty 

P  v 

previous 

po  v 

poverty  or 

Pg 

plague 

ph 

philosophy 

p  le 

plenty 

pre 

pretend 

p  rd 

pretty  hard 

prt 

political  party 

pap 

papist 

p  at 

patronage 

pa  t 

pay  attention 

uz 

pulverize 

pa  h 

pathology 

paga 

pagan  philosophy 

pa  s 

passed  by 

pa  f 

pay  for  it 

fs 

psychology 

pa  1 

paralyze 

X* 


r* 


SECOND  PLACE. 
,....  prepare 
part 

perfect 

.....  pride 

power 

.....  purchase 
....  peculiar 
.....  present  • 

pursue 

.....  permit 

penetrate 

.....  privilege 
.....  poverty 

.....  pledge 
.....  perhaps 
.....  please 

....  prevent 
....  placard 
....  party  spirit 

....  paper 
....  patent 

....  patient 
....  puzzle 

....  patch 
....  paganism 

....  pasture 
....  pay  for 
....  physical 
....  palladium 


Phonetic  Word  Signs. 


QU 

FIRST  PLACE. 
quarrel 

Q 

SECOND  PLACB. 
quick 

M. 

qua 

quantity 

\J 

...  quality 

M 

que 

quench 

question 

T. 

qui 
quo 
quu 

quiescent 
quarter 
quorum 

V 

quiet 
quote 
...  quota 

M 
qu  y 

quinine 

w 

quiver 

quer 
qu  n 

queer 
quaint 

U 

quash 
quarantine 

83. 


Phonetic  Word  Signs, 

r        

FIRST  PLACE. 
rich 

raise 
read 

rival 
roll 
rule 
ritualism 
restore 
reside 
remind 
renounce 
regulate 
rehearing 
research 
revolve 
reward  of 

relief 
raised  from  the 
railway 

R 

"S 

X 

^ 
/" 

SECOND  PLACE. 
.  .      rest 

ra      
re      

ri        

rather 

......  reason 
realize 

ro      

round 

ru      

ruin 

r  v 

r  s     

result 
resolve 
remember 
renovate 
regard 

re  s   

re  m  
re  n  

re  g  .. 

re  h  
re  er  
re  v  
re  we  

re  le  
ra  fo  

ral    

rehearse 

refer 
reveal 

reward 

relate 
raised  from 

railroad 

ra  s   

rascality 

7 

rash 

ra  t 

rate  of 

t 

ratify 

ra  d  

radical 

>o 

radiate 

ra  b  

rabid 

A 

rabble 

re  co  

recompense 

^ 

recount 

Ztl        

resume  work 

ii 

resume 

ug     rogue 

^ 

rough 

64 


Phonetic  Word  Signs. 


FIRST  PLACE. 

re  p  repeat 

ra  pa rapacious 

re  j    rejoin 

re  ma remark  made 

re  n  rent 

re  g  region 

re  k recapitulate 

re  k  y....  recognize 

ra  n  rain  storm 

re  im reimburse  the 

re  ta retain 


R 


SECOND  PLACE. 

represent 

rapture 

rejoice 

remark 

render 

reject 

recover 

reclaim 

reign 

reimburse 

retail 


65 


s 

sa 

se 

Phonetic 

FIRST  PLACE. 
Sabbath 

Wor 

S 

)j 
}) 

jj 

J 
) 

\ 

1 

^ 

f-^ 

7 

'd  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE. 
spirit 
said 

select 

,..  sign 

.....  said  that 
secret 

si 
so 
su 
sy     . 
s  s 
s  m 
s  n 
sg 
s  s 
s  er   . 

science 

...,,  sold 
supreme 
....  sympathy 

society 
subject 
system 
Scripture 
.  .  .     seem 

session 

semi-annual 

...  sentiment 

sense 

savage 
since  the 

suggest 
since  that 

service  of  God 

s  ci    . 

sincere 

silence 
stenography 

s  t  n 
si 

s  t      . 
s  ta 
s  te    . 

....  stentorian 

seldom 

slander 
strong 
stand 

straight 
standard 

stereotype 

s  tu  . 

stupendous 

sb 
s  et  . 

said  to  be 

sell  better 

settle  down 

settle 

s  at 
s  p 

satisfy 

splendor 

special 
suppose 
save 

s  po  . 

S  V       . 

s  n  y 

support 
several 

single 

sk     . 

s  un  . 
s  us  . 

scholar 

Son  of  God 
sustain 

scandal 
sonship 
susceptible 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.           T                SECOND  PI.ACS. 

t 

to  the 

truth 

ta 

taste 

j 

.  .  take 

te 

telegraph 

teach 

ti 

title 

time 

to 

told 

to  be 

tu 

tumult 

Tuesday 

ty 

type 

tyranny 

t  s 

to  see 

L 

testimony 

t  er 

turn 

1 

term 

tg 

to  give 

L 

tedious 

th 

to  heaven 

I 

to  him 

t  m 

tempt 

L 

temperance 

t  n 

ten  fold 

u 

L 

tend 

t  no 

to  know  more 

L 

to  know 

tog 

,..  to  so 

I 

together 

t  V 

to  leave 

L 

,  *  .  to  travel 

t  we 

to  work 

I 

toward 

th 

......  there  are 

/ 

there 

tha 

that  there 

C 

that 

the 

these 

f 

therefore 

thi 

this 

( 

think 

tho 

throughout 

( 

thorough 

67 


Phonetic  Word.  Signs. 


thu    .... 

FIRST  PLACE. 
..  thunder 

T                SECOND  PLACE. 

/ 
\          thus 

th  y  .. 

,.  thine 

(          thyself 

th  s    .... 

.  .  there  is  not 

I          .         there  is 

the  m  .  . 
the  n.... 

..  theme 
..  thenceforth 

T         themselves 
\j        thence 

th  re  ... 

..  the  theory 

\\        theory 

than.... 

..  thankful  for 

I.       thankful 

u  s     ... 
u  n    ... 

..  usual  manner 
..  union  is  strength 

U   S   of  A 

U 

n_       usual 
r\j      union 

^{j-     United  States 

),..  use 

ul       ... 
ur 

..  ultimate 
..  urged  along 

f        ultra 
^       urge 

un 

..  unless 

^_^,      under 

un  s  ... 

..  unobstruct 

^^^     understand 

un  k  ... 
un  h  ... 

up      ... 

ut 

..  unknown 
...  unhappy 

..  uppermost 
...  utmost 

^_^  unkind 
s«£       unholy 

|        utter 

68 


V 

va 
ve 
vi 
vo      — 
vu      
vy    .... 

V  S       ... 

v  er  .  .. 

Phonetic 

FIRST  PLACE. 
..  vitiate 
..  vacate 
..  very  good 
..  vice  versa 
..  vocation 
..  view  of 
..  violent 

..  visit 
..  version 

Wor 
V 

^-/ 

_^ 

<i^ 
/° 

V 

J 
^_ 

1 

_^ 
> 

«\ 

(^ 

} 

<^ 

er* 

>d  Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE. 
vice 

value 

very 
vigilance 
voice 

view 
vital 

vessel 

virtue 

volume 
ventilate 

v  m   
vn     .... 

vl      ... 

..  venom 
..  venture 
..  vilify 

velocity 
very  fond 
victory 

vf     ... 

.  .  vsry  fine 

vc     
vg    .... 

V  t       ... 

..  vicissitude 
..  vigorous 

..  vituperate 

....    vegetate 

veto 
•viva  voce 

V  V      ... 

..  vivacious 

v  r 

..  verbatim 

verbal 
verify 
vehemence 

v  er  ... 

..  verdict 

vh    ... 

..  very  hearty 

v  is    .  . 

..  visit  to 

vision 

v  in  ... 
v  ap  ... 

vk    ... 

..  vindicate 
..  viper 
..  vocabulary 

venire 
vaporate 
vocal 

69 


\v 
wa 

we 
wi 

Phonetk 

FIRST  PLACE. 

will 
walk 

when 
....  wish 

3   Wo 
"W 

• 

~S 
) 

I 

S) 

4 

~^> 
-*> 
--* 
^j 

47-^ 

/ 

rd   Signs. 

SECOND  PLACE. 

with 
want 

where 

witch 

wo 

wu 

woman 
....  wound 

world 

wonder 

w  y    . 

....  wait 

wide 
worse 

wo  s  . 

....  worship 

wo  m 

y  s     . 

yt    . 
y  P    . 

....  woe  is  me 
wisdom  of 

....  witness  in 
....  wipe  it  out 

woe  unto  them 
wisdom 

witness 

why  people 
wicked 

wish 
wash 
weak  cause 
worthy 
we  heard 
were  ardent 
with  his  arts 

remedy 
wedding 

vk     . 

....  wicked  men 

y  ish  . 

osh    .. 

....  wished  for 
....  washed  their 

we  k. 

....  we  came 

w  h   . 

....  worth 

w  er  . 

....  which  were 

w  rd  . 

with  hard 

w  rt  . 

....  weak  hearted 

re  m  . 
we  d  . 

....  resemble 
....  Wednesday 

70 


Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.         "\Vh.  SECOND  PLACE 


wh     — 
wha  .... 

.  while 
.  whatsoever 

n 

which 
whatever 

whe    ... 

.  wheresoever 

n 

wherever 

whi 

whip 

n 

whisper 

who  .... 

.  whosoever 

n 

whoever 

who  m.. 
wh  s  ... 

.  whom  when 
..  which  was 

r\ 

whomsoever 
..  which  is 

Phonetic  Word  Signs. 

FIRST  PLACE.                   Y                SECOND  PLACE. 

u 

n 

your 

y 

II 

j 

ya 

...  yard 

U 

u 

year 

j 

ye 

yet  it 

y 

'  ' 

yi 

yield  to 

y 

yield 

yu 

young 

u 

youth 

yo 

yonder 

u 

......  yoke 

yy 

,    ... 

u 

young  wife 

ys 

yesterday  or 

if 

......  yesterday 

Z 

z 

zealous 

n 

zeal 

za 

zambo 

0 

,..  zany 

ze 

zephyr 

0 

zero 

zi 

,..  zitr  zac 

n 

zion 

zo 

Zoroaster 

n 

zone                » 

zu 

zoography 

n 

,.   zoology 

z  n 

zendavesta 

n 

....  zenith 

z  s 

a  zest 

n 
fl 

zest 

72 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  73 

Continued,  from  page  48. 

This  consists,  as  here  illustrated,  in  the  employment  of 
the  alphabetical  characters  for  word  signs,  and  is  to  be  gov- 
erned by  the  following : 

Rule  IX.  The  word  signs  occupy  two  positions,  one 
above  and  the  other  below  the  line  of  writing,  denominated 
First  and  Second  Place.  The  first  place  signs,  made  above 
the  line,  represent  the  words  in  the  left  hand  column,  and 
when  the  same  signs  are  made  under  the  line  they  represent 
the  words  in  the  right  hand  column, 

EXAMPLE. 

The  phonograph  B,  when  made  above  the  line,  represents 
the  word  "benevolent;"  and  when  made  under,  it  repre- 
sents the  word  "believe."  The  nearest  any  point  of  the 
first  place  signs  should  come  to  the  line  is  about  one-eighth 
of  an  inch,  whether  they  are  vertical  or  horizontal,  or 
whether  struck  up  or  down.  They  are  distinguished  from 
the  prefixes,  though  made  in  the  same  relation  to  the  line, 
by  the  fact  that  each  stands  alone,  with  spaces  between,  just 
as  with  words  written  out  in  full.  The  second  place  signs 
should  also  be  made  the  same  distance  below  the  line  and 
from  each  other.  The  vertical  or  downward  inclined  signs 
should  commence  on  the  line  and  be  carried  below  to  their 
proper  lengths.  These  positions  show  that  each  character 
standing  thus  represents  a  whole  word  or  sentence,  and  their 
alphabetical  structure  includes  from  one  to  four  of  the  first 
letters  of  the  words  for  which  each  one  of  them  stands. 
These  words  should  be  read  over,  and  the  signs  which 
represent  them  pronounced  with  them,  until  they  become  so 
familiar  that  the  sound  of  the  word  will  instantly  suggest  the 
word,  and  the  appearance  of  the  sign  equally  recall  the 
word.  By  this  means  the  habit  will  soon,  bs  acquired  of 
only  thinking  of  the  sign  when  hearing  the  word  and  of 
seeing  the  wcrd  by  seeing  the  sign ;  that  is  when  the  practice 
of  Phonography  is  on  hand. 


74  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

When  the  word  "power"  is  heard,  po,  its  sign,  will 
only  be  thought  of  and,  made  with  a  single  motion,  will 
be  done  while  its  first  syllable  is  being  spoken,  and  the  pen 
waiting  for  the  speaker  to  finish  the  word.  The  word 
representation  is  heard,  and  its  sign,  re-p,  made  with  a  line 
and  a  hook,  written  with  a  single  motion,  and  again  the  pen 
waits  time  enough  to  make  three  more  such  motions  for  the 
speaker  to  finish  the  word,  for  nothing  is  more  evident  than 
that  a  man  may  make  a  single  motion  with  the  pen  in  the 
same  time  a  single  syllable  of  a  word  can  be  uttered,  and  it 
must  be  remembered  that  by  the  use  of  this  principle  of  con- 
traction alone,  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  words  of  our 
language  are  made  with  a  single  motion  of  the  hand,  in- 
cluding those  which  are  spelled  in  full  by  a  single  motion 
for  each,  from  which  it  is  demonstrated  that  the  system 
cannot  be  made  shorter  unless  words  can  be  written  entirely 
without  signs  or  letters.  These  signs  are  arranged  as  follows  . 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  75 


Seventh  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  principle  consists  in  contracting  words  which  com- 
mence with  Im,  In,  Un  and  Ir,  and  by  their  use,  and  is  in 
accordance  with  the  following  direction  : 

RULE  X.  When  a  word  commences  with  Im,  the  sign  for 
Im  must  be  written  in  its  own  position  and  directly  over  the 
middle  of  the  succeeding  Phonograph  in  the  word,  thus  con- 
tracting the  whole  word.  It  must  not  touch  the  Phonograph, 
but  be  written  close  to  it.  The  In,  Un  and  Ir  must  also  be 
written  in  the  same  manner  for  contracting  words  with  which 
they  commence. 

EXAMPLES. 

Write  the  sign  for  Im,  and  that  for  ma,  and  you  have  the 
contraction  for  the  word   "Immaterial."     Illustration   '""^ 
Write  the  sign  for  In,  and  that  for  at,  and  you  have  the  con- 
traction  for  "Inattention."     The   illustration   is  this    V' 


Write  the  sign  for  Un,  and  that  for  cha,  thus       / f 

and  you  have  the  contraction  for  ' '  unchanged. "  Write  the 
sign  for  ir  and  that  for  ri,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for 

Irritate,  thus         > 

These  two  Phonographs  contain  at  least  three  of  the  first 
letters  sounded  in  words,  and  if  a  vowel  is  sounded  with 
the  second,  then  they  spell  four,  and  with  the  connection 
will  invariably  give  the  whole  word.  If  there  should,  how- 
ever, be  any  doubt,  add  another  and  the  succeeding  Phono- 
graph in  the  word  ;  for  example,  v/ith  the  two  signs  Im  and 
P,  add  that  for  Li,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for  the 
word  "Implication,"  the  two  last  connected  in  the  ordinary 


76  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

manner.  By  this  principle  it  will  he  seen  that  this  long 
word  is  written  with  three  motions  of  the  hand,  while 
it  requires  thirty-three  to  write  it  by  long  hand. 

This  Im,  In,  Un  and  Ir  may  also  be  written  with  the  pre- 
fixes, and  in  the  same  manner  contract  the  words  which 
commence  with  both.  For  example,  write  the  sign  for  Im, 
and  that  for  the  prefix  per,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for 
the  word  "Imperfect."  Write  the  sign  for  In,  and  the  pre- 
fix for  dis,  and  you  have  the  contraction  for  "Indispens- 
able. " 

These  parts  of  words  may  also  be  written  in  the  same 
manner  iu  connection  with  the  alphabetical  word  signs,  thus 
contracting  them.  For  example,  write  the  sign  for  Im,  and 
the  word  sign  Hu  for  "humanity,"  and  it  gives  us  the  con- 
traction for  the  word  "Inhumanity."  Write  the  sign  for  In, 
and  the  word  sign  Vo  for  "voice,"  and  it  gives  the  contrac- 
tion for  "Invoice."  WTrite  the  sign  for  Un,  and  the  word 
sign  B  for  "  believe, "  and  we  have  the  contraction  for 
"  Unbelief."  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  contractions 
stand  also  for  all  the  forms  and  tenses  of  the  words ;  and 
also  that  the  contractions  should  always  be  made  the  same, 
and  any  word  being  once  thus  contracted,  should  always  be 
written  the  same ;  by  so  doing  these  forms  suggest  the 
words,  and  the  words  the  forms,  without  demanding  any 
more  thought  about  them ;  virtually  they  become  word 
signs. 

Eighth   Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  principle  is  applicable  to  all  the  words  of  our  lan- 
guage, and  may  be  used  to  contract  any  words  which  are  not 
contracted  by  any  other  of  the  nine  principles  of  the  system. 
Its  practice  is  governed  by  the  following  : 

Rule  XI.  Write  the  first  phonograph  sounded  in  a  word 
to  be  contracted,  whether  with  or  without  a  vowel,  across 
the  line  of  writing,  as  the  representative  of  the  whole  word. 
If  it  is  K  it  must  be  written  immediately  under  the  line  to 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  77 

distinguish  it  from  K  as  a  definite  word  sign,  and  which  is 
made  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch  below.  All  others  may 
be  made  each  half  above  and  half  below  the  line,  even  M 
and  N.  This  position  shows  that  the  sign  represents  a 
whole  word,  the  sign  spelling  the  first  sound  in  the  word,  the 
connection  being  depended  upon  to  give  the  whole  word. 
Of  course  it  will  not  do  to  indulge  this  principle  of  contrac- 
tion so  that  the  writing  will  be  even  difficult  to  read  ;  but  it 
is  astonishing  to  what  an  extent  it  may  be  practiced  with 
perfect  legibility ;  and  by  always  contracting  the  same 
words  in  the  same  manner,  they  become  equal  to  definite 
word  signs. 

The  fact  that  every  peculiar  subject  has  in  part  its  own 
vocabulary,  especially  its  leading  terms,  may  be  taken  advan- 
tage of  by  the  aid  of  this  principle.  For  example,  if  a  law  re- 
port is  to  be  taken,  there  are  perhaps  a  dozen  words  which 
constitute  a  large  portion  of  what  will  be  said,  such  as  At- 
torney, Court,  Law,  Judgment,  Affidavit,  Defendant,  Plaintiff, 
Jurisdiction,  Decision,  The  Court,  "If  your  honor  please," 
"Your  honor, "  Testimony,  etc.  These  may  be  made  upon  this 
principle,  the  first  phonograph  of  each  across  the  line,  and  reg- 
ularly-spaced, for  the  whole  word,  and  even  for  these  common 
law  phrases.  If  it  is  a  political  address  or  a  scientific  lecture, 
its  leading  terms  may  be  selected  and  thus  written.  If  it  is 
a  lecture  on  some  country,  its  geographical  names,  and  those 
of  persons  who  figure  prominently,  when  first  announced 
must  be  written  out  in  full,  and  for  every  subsequent  repeti- 
tion the  first  phonograph  of  each  substituted  and  written 
across  the  line.  If  two  or  more  names,  in  the  same  dis- 
course, commence  with  the  same  sound,  and  therefore  the 
same  sign,  the  second  sign  one  of  them  contains  must  be 
added,  or  for  every  additional  name  commencing  with  the 
same  character  an  additional  sign  must  be  added. 


78  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Alphabetical  Word  Signs  Extended. 

Under  this  head  we  give  a  permanent  alphabetical  list  of 
word  signs,  consisting  mostly  of  very  long  words,  and  at  the 
same  time  those  in  common  use. 

The  signs  for  the  most  of  these  words  are  the  two  for  the 
first  two  sounds  in  each,  the  first  one  of  which,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  principle  applicable  to  the  contraction  of  all 
words,  must  be  written  across  the  line,  and  that  following 
must  be  connected  with  it,  just  in  the  manner  of  writing 
whole  words  on  the  line.  Of  course  the  phonographs  are  to 
be  substituted  for  the  common  letters  as  here  employed  and 
divided,  which  sounds  represent  the  words  following  in  the 
line,  and  are  one,  two  or  three  of  the  first  sounds  in  each  of 
the  words.  Almost  the  whole  list  are  written  with  two 
motions  each,  many  v/ith  a  long  sign  and  an  accommodation 
sign,  which  in  most  instances  are  made  with  but  a  single 
stroke  and  finished  with  a  hook. 

It  should  be  remarked  here  that  the  accommodation  signs 
shonld  always  be  substituted  in  writing  this  list  of  words. 
It  will  readily  be  seen,  by  writing  any  one  of  these  words 
occurring  in  a  sentence,  that  the  words  will  immediately  be 
understood.  Let  us  take  a  few  examples  for  illustration, 
using  the  common  English  letters  for  the  contractions.  "It 
was  a  very  good  x-po  of  the  passage.  It  was  a  very  good 
exposition  of  the  passage. "  "  It  was  the  d-m  party.  It  was 
the  democratic  party."  "He  is  a  very  good  x-t-m  speaker. 
He  is  a  very  good  extemporaneous  speaker."  "He  was  a 
d-1  to  the  convention.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  conven- 
tion." 

We  wish  it  to  be  distinctly  understoood  that  it  is  not 
necessary  to  employ  this  principle  of  contraction  with  two  or 
three  others  of  the  ten  belonging  to  the  system  for  even  ver- 
batim reporting ;  but  it  is  a  fact  of  great  importance,  that 
the  greater  the  number  of  distinctive  principles  used  the 
shorter  and  more  legible  will  be  the  writing.  This  is  evi- 
dent from  the  fact  that  it  affords  more  time  to  \nake  the 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  79 

characters,  and  which  can  therefore  be  made  plainer,  and  in 
the  same  degree  easier  to  be  read.  We  would  advise,  there- 
fore, the  employment,  even  from  the  very  first,  of  all  the  ten 
principles  of  abbreviation  and  each  character  they  contain, 
just  as  fast  as  they  can  be  remembered.  It  is  also  a  fact, 
corroborated  by  the  experience  of  the  best  phonographers, 
that  the  shortest  way  a  word  can  be  written,  the  easier  it  can 
be  read,  of  course  according  to  the  rules,  for  the  reason 
above  suggested  that  more  time  is  afforded  to  make  the 
phonographs. 

The  absorbing  consideration,  howsver,  which  induced  us 
to  thus  extend  the  principles  of  contraction,  in  the  first 
place,  .we  may  say,  was  because  they  were  the  legitimate 
deductions  of  the  system  ;  and  secondly,  to  give  to  the  pub- 
lic so  comprehensive  and  perfect  a  system  of  short  hand 
writing,  that  there  will  be  no  reasonable  motive  left  for 
change,  and  consequently  additions  will  not  only  fail  to 
shorten  its  practice,  but  add  difficulties  to  its  legibility.  If 
this  system  should  now  be  generally  introduced  into  our 
common  schools,  it  would  not  be  five  years  before  there 
would  be  so  many  short  hand  writers  and  readers  that  the 
neces-ity  for  writing  phonographers'  notes  out  in  long  hand 
would  be  rendered  entirely  unnecessary.  Of  course  it  would 
also  be  taught  in  all  the  higher  schools  and  colleges  in  the 
country.  All  practical  printers  would  understand  it,  and 
could  set  the  article  up  from  the  stenographic  notes. 
Authors  could  compose  in  short  hand,  and  never  be  under 
the  necessity  of  writing  out  their  manuscript  in  long  hand. 
Lawyers  and  judges  could  read  it  as  easily  as  long  hand. 
All  this  in  a  very  limited  amount  of  time.  Ministers  could 
thus  compose  and  write  their  sermons  and  read  them  just  as 
well  from  the  short  hand  as  long  hand,  enabling  them  to 
accomplish  in  one  hour  what  it  takes  them  now  six  to  do. 
They  may  walk  the  floor  and  dictate  a  sermon  to  their  wives 
or  sons,  as  amanuenses,  as  fast  as  they  can  compose  the 
sentences,  and  every  scholar  knows  that  he  can  compose 
better  if  he  is  not  obliged  to  drawl  it  out  in  long  hand. 


80 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


Now  if  any  man  may  acquire  such  a  qualification  in  the 
course  of  six  months  with  a  little  practice,  where  is  he 
who  would  not  avail  himself  of  it  ? 

Here  is  presented  an  opening  for  thousands  of  teachefs, 
who  can  learn  in  very  much  less  time  to  teach  than  to 
report,  and  by  which  practice  they  cannot  fail  of  becom- 
ing proficient  short  hand  writers.  Indeed,  every  one 
should  begin  to  teach  it,  if  it  was  only  to  his  own  or  the 
children  of  others,  as  the  best  means  of  impressing  it  on  his 
own  memory. .  We  have  had  those  in  our  classes  who  had 
been  teachers  in  other  systems,  and  who  are  the  most  zeal- 
ous in  its  praise. 

The  following  are  the  word  signs  extended  : 

Permanent  Contractions. 


A 

an-ti 

Anti-Christ 

an-th 

An  thropology 

al-m 

Almighty 

an-t-d 

Antediluvian 

al 

Alphabet 

an-ow 

Announce 

am 

Ample 

ap-po 

Apoclypse 

a 

Amend 

ap-s 

Apostate 

am-i 

Amicable 

r-b 

Arbitrate 

mu 

Amuse 

ar 

Arrest 

am-b 

Ambrosial 

r-m 

Armor 

am-bu 

Ambulance 

r-r 

Arrear 

am-pu 

Amputate 

r-s 

Arson 

am-p 

Amphitheatre 

r-t 

Articulate 

an 

Anchor 

r-ti 

Artificial 

an-at 

Anatomy 

a-s 

Aspect 

an-she 

Ancient 

as-er 

Ascertain 

an-1 

Annul 

as-s 

Assassin 

an-c 

Ancestor 

as-aw 

Assault 

an-ec 

Anecdote 

as-si 

Assign 

an-i 

Animal 

as-im 

Assimilate 

an-ni 

Animate 

as-is 

Assist 

an-nu 

Annual 

as-si 

Assiduous 

an-v 

Anniversary 

as-m 

Assume 

an  -on 

Anonymous 

as-u 

Assure 

an-g 

Anger 

as-to 

Astronomy 

n-g 

Angel 

as-t 

Astrology 

an-no 

Anomaly 

at-1 

Atlantic 

an-t 

Auterior 

at 

Attack 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


at-ta 

Attain 

al-ti 

Altitude 

at-n 
at-s 

At  noon 
Attest 

at-f 
at-la 

At  first 
At  last 

at-ti 

..  .Attitude 

at-le 

At  least 

at-r 

Attract 

at-l 

At  length 

aw-d 

Audience 

at-m 

At  most 

au-s 
au-th 
r-k 

Auspices 
Authentic 
Architect 

at-ow 
as 
as-s 

At  our  expense 
As  soon 
As  soon  as 

r-k-b 
ar-is 

r-ka 
ac-cu 

Archbishop 
Aristocrat 
Archangel 
Accumulate 

a-v 
av 
av-ow 
av-er 

Avert 
Avocation 
Avow 
Averment 

ac-c 
ac 

Accession 
Accurate 

av-r 
aw 

Avarice 
Awful 

ac-q 
ac-t 

Accusation 
Active 

aw-k 
aw-t 

Awkward 
Autumn 

ad 
ad-v 

Admire 
Advertise 

aw-to 
aw-to-g 

Automatic 
Autograph 

ad-er 
a-f 

Advert 
Afresh 

aw-x 
ax 

Auxiliary 
Axiomatic 

af 
af-fa 
af.fi 
af-er 
af-il 
af-Li 

Affable 
Affidavit 
Affiance 
Affirm 
Affiliate 
Affinity 

az 

b 

b-1 

Azure 
B 

Bleeding 
Blessed 

af-lu 
af-or 
af-ri 

Affluence 
Afford 
Affright 

b-n 
b-r 
b-al 

Blend 
British 
Ballot 

af-ro 

Affront 

b-ag 

Baggage 

af-t 

arr-fr 

Afterwards 
Aggregate 

b-af 
b-ac 

Baffle 
Bacchanalian 

ag-an 
ae-ra 

Aggrandize 
Aggravate 

b-n 
b-an 

Banish 
Bank 

ag-s 

Aggress 

b-ap 

Baptism 

ag-re 
ae-ro 

Aggrieve 
Aground 

b-y 
b-ow 

By  and  by 
Bounty 

al-b 

Album 

b-r 

..Bargain 

al-k 

Alkali 

b-ri 

Bridegroom 

al-co 
al-d 
a-1 
al-le 
al 
al-lu 

Alcohol 
Alderman 
Alien 
Allegiance 
Allow 
Allure 

b-ash 
b-at 
b-go 
b-it 
b-we 
b-yl 

Bashful 
Battle 
Bigotry 
Bitter 
Bewitch 
Bewilder 

82 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


b-tu 

Bituminous 

cha 

Chapter 

b-la 
b-la-s 

Blame 
Blasphemy 

k-it 
ch-of 

Criticise 

b-l-m 

Blemish 

c-1 

....Clenrv 

b-li 
b-lu 

Blind 
Bloom 

co-lo 
k-ru 

Colonel 
Crucify 

b-os 
b-om 

Blossom 
Bombast 

co-s 
che-r 

Costume 
Charge 

b-on 

Bond 

k-l-ir 

Clairvoyant 

ow 
b-ra 

Bound 
Brain 

co-1 
co-r 

Color 
Co-ordinate 

b-ro 

Broker 

k-ab 

Cabinet 

b-ud 

Buddhism 

ca-1 

Calamity 

b-un 

Bundle 

ca-al 

Calvary 

b-er 

Burglar 

ca-al-v 

Calvinism 

b-er-s 
b-us 

,  Burlesque 
Bustle 

k-am 
k-an 

Campaign 
.  Cannon 

b-yo 
b-ab 

Beyond 
Baboon 

k-p-it 
k-pre 

Capitulate 
Caprice 

ba-1 
ba-qu 

Bail 
Banquet 

k-ap 
k-r 

Captivity 
Carbon 

ba-r 
ba-s 
bo-1 

Barbarous 
Basis 
Bold 

k-re 
k-ri 
k-r 

Career 
Carriage 
Carnal 

ba-ch 
bo-s 

Bachelor 
Boasting 

k-t-as 
k-at-t 

Catastrophe 
Catacomb 

bo-1 

Bolster 

k-at 

Catechise 

bo-na 

Bonaparte 

k-aw 

Caution 

b-uf 

Buffalo 

k-ofr 

Cognizance 

b-uc 
bu-r 

Buckle 
Burden 

c-n 
c-re 

Censure 
Ceremony 

b-ub 

Bubble 

co-r 

Correct 

b-ru 
b-ul 
b-z 

Brutal 
Bulletin 
Bronze  statue 

che-as 
k-la 
k-ic 

Chastise 
Claim 
Classic 

b-lo 

Blossom 

k-le 

Clear 

b-l-un 
b-ot 

Blunder 
Botany 

k-li 
k-lo 

Climax 
Close 

b-um 

Bottom 

ko-he 

Cohesive 

k-d 
Ic-an 
k-ap 
k-ath 

c 

Candidate 
Candlestick 
Capital 
Catholic 

k-ol 
co-li 
co-lu 
co-p 
co-ro 
co-r-r 
co-ru 

College 
Collision 
Collusion 
Copartnership 
Coroner 
Corroborate 
Corrupt 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


83 


k-os 

Cosmical 

d-rni 

Demise 

k-ot 

Cotton 

ds 

Destitute 

k-or 

Court 

Demon 

ko-v 

Covenant 

d-n 

Denounce 

k-r 

Credit 

d-pu 

...Deputy 

k-ri 

Crime 
Crusade 

d-p 

Deprive 
Deposit 

k-rv 

Crystal 

d-or 

Deplore 

q-t> 

Cupidity. 

d-p-n 

Depend 

cu-s 

Custom 

d-p-rs 

Deprecate 

D 

d-p-er 
d-p-s 
d-po-n 

Depredation 
Depress 
Deponent 

d 

Defendant 

d-ri 

Derive 

de 
d-f 

Degree 
Deform 

d-ro 

d-c-n 

Derogate 
Descend 

d-no 

Denominate 

d-ov 

Destroy 

d-fa 

Default 

u  ujr 

d-ta 

Detail 

d-le 

Delinquent 

d-lh 

Dethrone 

d-ri 

.    .  Derive 

d-et 

Detrimental 

d-vi 

d-ol 

Devise 
Dollar 

d-ev 
d-vo 

Devastate 
Devote 

d-r 

Dread 

d-v 

Devolve 

d-el 

Deal 

dx 

Dexterity 

d-k 

..Decav 

d-im 

Diminution 

d-ce 

Deceased 

d-om 

Domicile 

d-c 

Deceit 

d-aw 

Dogma 

d-c-er 
d-ci 

d-k-y 
d-com 

Decern 
Decide 
Decline 
Decompose 

d-af 
d-y-n 
d-y-s 
di-am 

Draft 
Dynasty 
Dyspepsia 
Diameter 

d-k-re 

Decrease 

di-m 

Dimension 

d-ed 

Dedicate 

di-ag 

Diagnosis 

d-fa 

Defamation 

di-a 

Diagram 

d-fe 

Defeat 

di-al 

Dialogue 

d-fy 
d-f 

Defy 
Defray 

di-p 
di-v 

Diplomacy 
Diversion 

d-aw 

Defraud. 

di-v-s 

Diversion 

d-fu 

Defuse 

di-vi 

Divine 

d-j 
d-1 
d-la 
d-H 
d-ly 
d-lu 
d-ra 

Deject 
Delegate 
Delay 
Delicate 
Delineate 
Delude 
Democracy 

di-vo 
do-ci 
d-oc 
do-m 
do-m-n 
do-na 
d-ow 

Divorce 
Docile 
Document 
Domestic 
Dominion 
Donation 
Doubt 

84 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


du-r 

f-ul 

.  ..   Effulgent 

du-b 

Dubious 

m-po-v 

do-z 

Dozen 

m-ba 

Embarrass 

d-ox 

Doxology 

m-b-1 

Embellish 

E 

m-bo 
m-po 

Embody 
Emporium 

e-a 

m-u 
1-e 

Emulate 
Elegant 

e-o 

Eocene 

1-ig 

Eligible 

e-v-ap 

Evaporate 

,   •» 
l-o 

Eloquent 

e-lu 

Elucidate 

sk 

Escape 

e-lu-s 

Elusion 

s-ko 

Escort 

e-ma 

E  "laciate 

n-u 

Enumerate 

e-1 

Elaborate 

n-c 

Encircle 

e-m 

Emolument 

n-ac 

Enact 

ep-e 

Epicurean 

n-ko 

...Encourage 

ep-i 

Epidemic 

n-com 

Encompass 

x 

Explain 

n-q-m 

Encumbrance 

x-p-n 

Expense 

n-cv 

Encyclopedia 

x-ch 

Exchequer 

n-da 

Endanger 

x-as 
x-m 

Exasperate 
Exemplify 

n-d-ow 
n-du 

Endowment 
Endurance 

x-p 

Expand 

n-fo 

Enforce 

x-p-ow 

Expound 

n-f-r 

Enfranchise 

x-p-re 

Experience 

n-c 

Engrave 

x-p-lo 

Explode 

n-si 

Engine 

x-qui 
x-t-m 

Exquisite 
Extemporaneous 

n-la 
n-li 

Enlarge 
Enlighten 

x-t 

Extend 

n-ti 

Entirely 

x-te 

External 

n-tv 

Entitle 

x-t-er 

Exterminate 

n-h 

.  ....Enhance 

x-ac 

Exact 

n-che 

Enchant 

x-t-ing 

Extinguish 

n-co 

Encomium 

x-t-r 

Extract 

n-k-ow 

Encounter 

x-p-d 

Expedient 

n-k-ro 

Encroachment 

x-po 

Exposition 

n-d 

...Endeavor 

x-po-n 

Exponent 

n-er 

Energetic 

x-ha 

Exhale 

n-er-v 

Enervate 

x-e 

Exegesis 

n-fe 

Enfeeble 

x-u 
e-r 
e-r-y 
e-r-n 
eth 
e-d 
f-or 

Exuberant 
Error 
Erysipelas 
Earnest 
Ethereal 
Editor 
Effort 

n-g-n 
n-g-1 
n-j 
n-or 
n-ow 
n-r 

Engender 
..."...England 
Enjoined 
Enormous 
Enouncement 
Enrich 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


85 


n-ta 
n-t-er 
m-b 

Entailment 
Entertainment 
Embrace 

f-er 
fu-re 
fu-ti 

Furnish 
Furious 
Futile 

m-b-1 
el-ec 
ed-d 
el 
m-b 

Emblem 
Election 
Edifice 
Element 
Embarkation 

g-ro 
g-af 

G 

Grotesque 
Graphic 

m-ba 

Eir.bassador 

g-r-ad 
pa-b 

Graduate 
Gabriel 

F 

pa 
g-al 

Gain 
Gallant 

f-la 

Flagrant 

g-r 

Garble 

f-ol 

Follow 

C-rd 

Guardian 

f-re 

Frequent 

g-r-n 

Garnish 

f-aw 
f-ash 
f-ic 
f-ow 
f-ru 

Fraud 
Fashion 
Fiction 
Found 
Fruition 

g-as 
g-n-e 

g-og 
g-om 

S-s 

Gaslight 
Genealogy 
Geography 
Geometry 
Gesture 

f-ab 

Fabulous 

cu 

Gewgaw 

fa-c 

Facility 

g-l-ad 

Gladness 

f-ac-s 

Facsimile 

,  . 
g-l-im 

Glimpse 

f  ac 
fa-n 
fa-r 

Faculty 
Faint 
Fair 

g-lu 
g-lo 
S-or 

Gloom 
Globe 
....Gorgeous 

f-aw 

False 

Grecian 

f-al 

Fallible 

g-ru 

Groove 

f-am 
f-an 
f-as 
fa-t 
f-ath 

Famine 
Fanatic 
Fascinate 
Fatal 
Fathom 

h-ag 
h-al 

H 

Haggard 
Hallowed 

f-ed 

Federal 

h-al-lu 

Hallucination 

f-1 

Felon 

h-ar 

Harass 

fe-v 

Fever 

h-r-b 

Harbinger 

Tim 
f-l-er 

Flimsy 
Flirtation 

h-r-m 
h-r 

Harmless 
..Harm 

f-lo 
f-l-uc 
f-lu 
f-r-an 
f-ra 
f-ri 
f-ru 
fu-n-er 

Flourish 
Fluctuate 
Fluid 
Franchise 
Fraternal 
Friction 
Frugal 
Funeral 

h-r-mo 
h-r-1 
h-r-r 
h-er 
h-ir 
he-re 
he  ne 
ha-t 

Harmony 
Herald 
Horror 
Heretic 
Heir 
Hereditary 
Heinous 
Hateful 

86 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


h-aw 

h-ec 

Haughty 
Hecatomb 

im-pa 
im-p-an 

Impair 
Impannel 

h-in 

Hinder 

im-p-as 

Impassable 

h-un-y 
h-or-t     . 

h-a\v-s    . 

Honey 
Horticulture 
Hospitality 

im-p 
im-p-n    . 
im-p-et 

Impeach 
Impenitent 
Impetuous 

h-ung 

Hunger 

im  p-1 

Implicitly 

h-er-y    . 

Hurry 

im-p-la  . 

Implacable 

h-un 

Hunt 

im-po 

Imposition 

ha-v 

Heavy 

im-po-s 

Imposture 

h-az 
he-ro 

Hazard 
Heroic 

im-p-ob 
im-p-ru  . 

Improbable 
Improve 

h-ez 

Hesitate 

in-ab 

Inability 

h-et 

Heterogeneous 

in-a 

Inalienable 

hi-e 

Hierarchy 

in-ac 

Inaccurate 

ho-k-s    . 

Hocuspocus 

in-ci 

....Incident 

ho-ri 

Horizon 

in-c-n 

Incendiary 

ho-s 

Hosanna 

in-c-s 

....Incessant 

h-ot 

Hotel 

in-ad 

Inadequate 

hu 

Humor 

in-ad-m  . 

Inadmissible 

hi-b 

Hybridism 

in-ad-v 

....Inadvertent 

hv-d 

Hvdra 

in-an 

....Inanimate 

hy-d-ol 

Hydraulic 

in-ap 

Inappropriate 

hy-d-ro 

Hydrogen 

in-at 

Inattention 

hi-d-ro  . 

Hydrophobia 

in-aw 

Inaudible 

hy-p-oth 
hv-po 

—  Hypothesis 
Hypochondriac 

in-aw-g  . 
in-aw-s 

Inaugurate 
.  .  .  .Inauspicious 

hy-er-n 

Hygeian 

in-d-ci    . 

....Indecision 

I 

in-d-f 
in-d-fe    . 

Indefinite 
Indefatigable 

in-d-l 

Indelicate 

im-pi 

Impiety 

in-d-m 

....Indemnify 

im-pa 

Impatience 

in-di 

Indicate 

im-p-n 

Impenetrable 

ia-d-jr 

Indignant 

im-p-on 

T  mponderable 

in-di-r 

....Indirect 

im-p-ash 

Impassioned 

iu-dy 

....Indite 

im-po-v 

Impoverished 

in-d-oc    . 

....  Indoctrinate 

im-b 

Imbecile 

in-do 

Indolent 

im-bi 

Imbibe 

in-du 

...Induce 

im-bu     . 
im-an 
im-n 
im-mi     . 
im-m 
im-mo    . 
im-mu 

Imbued 
Immanuel 
Immense 
Immigrate 
Immoral 
Immortal 
Immutable 

in-d-or    . 
in-d-us    . 
in-dis 
in-dis  po 
in-dis-so 
in-d-om  . 
in-du-b   . 

Indorse 
Industry 
Indiscreet 
Indisposition 
Indissoluble 
....  Indomitable 
Indubitable 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


87 


in-e 

....Inebriate 

in-te 

Interior 

in-er 
in-ev 

Inertia 
Inevitable 

in-t 
in-s-t 

Internal 
Instinct 

in-equ     . 
in-f 
in-f-la     . 
in-fi 
in-fu 
in-g-n     . 
in-g-at    . 
in-h 

Inequality 
Inflexible 
Inflammation 
Infidel 
Infuse 
Ingenious 
Ingratitude 
Inhale 

in-t-s 
ir-ra 
id-dy 
ig-ni 
ig-no 
il-1 
il-le 
il-ib 

Intrinsic 
Irrational 
Idiosyncracy 
Ignite 
Ignoble 
Illusion 
Illegal 
Illiberal 

in-h-aw  . 
in-hu 

Inhospitable 
Inhuman 

il-im 
il-it 

Illimitable 
Illiterate 

in-ish 
in-jy       . 
in-ju 
in-j  n 

Initiate 
Injury 
Injudicious 
Injunction 

il-og 
it-t-m 
ir-re-g 
ir-re 

Illogical 
Illtemper 
Irregular 
Irreligious 

in-j 
in-k 
in-ko 
in-ku 
in-k-1      . 
in-k-li     . 

.....Injustice 
Incarnate 
Incorrect 
Incurable 
Incalculable 
Inclination 

ir-r-1 
ir-re-s 
ir-ri 
is-so 
it-n 
in-s-t 

..,..,  Irrelevant 
Irrespective 
Irritable 
Isolate 
Itinerant 
Instantaneous 

in-k-lu    . 
in  k-or  . 
in-ko 

Include 
Incorporate 
Incorrupt 

in-s-ti 
in-su 
in-t-an 

Instigate 
Insufficient 
Intangible 

in-k  re 
in-k-ul    . 

Incredible 
Inculcate 

in-t-eg 
in-t-m 

Integrity 
Intemperate 

in-k-um 

Incumber 

in-t-ol 

Intolerant 

in-nu 
in-fi-n 

Innumerable 
Infinite 

in-t-ox 
in-vo 

Intoxicate 
Involve 

in-fo 

Information 

in-va 

Invaluable 

in-or 
in-s 

Inordinate 
Inscribe 

in-v-al 
in-v-ol 

Invalid 
Involuntary 

in-s-an 
in-s-n 
in-s-ep 
in-sin 
in-s-ig 
in-so 
in-so-1 
in-s 
in-s-pi    . 
in-s-ti     . 
in-fa 
in-f-at 

Insanity 
Insensible 
Inseparable 
Insinuate 
Insignificant 
Insolent 
Insolate 
Inspect 
Inspire 
Inestimable 
Infamous 
Infatuate 

in-v-n 
in-v-ig 

jo 

ju-s 

ju-g 
j-on 
j-as 
j-b 

Invent 
Invigorate 

J 

Junior 
Jurisdiction 
Jugglery 
Jaundice 
Jasper 
John  Bull 

88 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


(Joint   stock 

1-it-er     ... 

...Literature 

j-Oy 

'    (     company 

1-it-y 

...Litigate 

i-ol 

...Tolly 

1-ob 

..  Lobby 

•      i 
lu-cla 

Judaism 

1-of 

Lofty 

ju  m 

Tumble 

1-Ofif 

.  .  .  Logic 

1 

Tune 

l-otr-er   . 

Loggerhead 

Jx 

Juxtaposition 
K 

1-oy 
1-om 
1-on 

...Loiter 
...Lombardy 
...Longitude 

1-0 

...London 

k-er 
k-id 
k-v-s 

Kernel 
Kidnap 
Keystone  State 

1-un 
1-um 
1-ush 

...Lunch 
.  .  .  Lumber 
.    Luscious 

k-af 

Kingcraft 

1-v 

...Levity 

k-ing 
k-it 

Kink 
Kitchen 

1-ith 
1-x 

.  Lithograph 
.  Lexicographer 

1-af 

L 
Laugh 

ma-p 

M 

...Magic 

1-av 
1-ap 

Lavish 
...Lapse 

m-a 
m-ag-na  ... 

...Magazine 
...Magna  charta 

1-aw 

Laud 

ma-chi    ... 

...Machine 

1-as 

Lassitude 

ma-la 

...Malaria 

1-ang 
1-ee 

Languish 
..  Leeacy 

ma-1 
ma-ne 

...Malicious 
...Maniac 

i    s 
1-ep 

Leper 

ma-ri 

...Marriage 

la-d 
la 
le-s 

Laid 
Land 
,  .,.  Leisure 

ma-so     ... 
ma-as 
ma-tu     ... 

...Mason 
...Massacre 
...Mature 

li 
li-q 
li-v-le 
lo-co 
lo 

Liable 
Liquor 
Livelihood 
Locomotive 
Look 

ma 
me-1       .  . 
ma-n 
me-di     ... 
me-dy    .  . 

...Matron 
...Melancholy 
...Maintain 
...Medieval 
...Meditate 

lo-y 
lo-qua 
lu-b 
lu-d 
lu-m 
lu-ci 
ly-c 
1-in 
1-ing 
1-is 
1-it 

Loyal 
Loquacious 
Lubricate 
Ludicrous 
Luminous 
Lucifer 
Lyceum 
Lynch  law 
Linger 
Listen 
Literal 

me-t 
me-t-ro  . 
mi-nu 
mi-r 
mi-x 
mo-n 
mo-od    ... 
mo-n-op... 
mo-n-ot  ... 
mo-ra 
mu-ni     ... 

...Meteor 
..Metropolis 
...Minute 
...Miracle 
..  Mixture 
..  Monster 
...Modest 
...Monopoly 
...Monotony 
...Morality 
...Munificence 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


m-ath 

Mathematics 

n-on-r 

.  .  .  .Nonresident 

m-ac 

Maccabees 

n-on-p    . 

N  onpay  ment 

m-acl 

Madness 

n-os 

....Nostrum 

xn-al-s 

Maelstrom 

n-ox 

Noxious 

m-al 

Malady 

na-bo 

Neighbor 

rn-al-fe 

Malfeasance 

n-ar 

Narrative 

m-am 

Mammon 

ne-g 

....Neglect 

m-an 
m-at 
m-aw-so 

Mandate 
.  .     Matter 
..  .  .Mausoleum 

n-f 
n-up 
nu-ti 

....Nephew 
Nuptials 
Nutritive 

m-ax 
mu 

.  ....Maximum 
Murder 

n-ul 
nu-c 

Null  and  void 
Nuisance 

m-er 
m-r 

Mercury 
Merit 

ni-t 
nu-t 

Nitro 
Nutral 

m-et 
m-et-f 
m-ed 

Metal 
Metaphysical 
Meditate 

o 

m-in 

Mineral 

O-D 

Opiate 

m-ing 
m-in-m 
m-ic 

Mingle 
Minimum 
Microscope 

o-pa 
o-ly 
o-do 

Opake 
Olympu 
Odoriferous 

m-ish 
m-it 

Missionary 
Mitigate 

o-ra 
o-re 

Oration 
Oriental 

m-is 
m-oc 

Mississippi 
Mock 

o-r-ang  . 
or-a        . 

Orangoutang 
.   Oracle 

m-on-r 

Monarchy 

o-va 

..  .Ovation 

m-on-s 
m-on 

Monastery 
Monument 

o-ye 
ov-s 

Oyer  and  Terminer 
Oysters 

m-ul 

...Multiply 

or-na 

Ornament 

m-ul-t 

Multitude 

Ordain 

m-1 

Mellow 

Ordeal 

m-x 
m-d 

Maxim 
Medical 

N 

or-tho 
or-th-og 
ob 
ob-la 
ob-vi 

Orthodox 
Orthography 
Obelisk 
Oblation 
Obviate 

n-ap 
n-r 
n-ar 
n-ec 
n-eg 
n-oy 
n-on 
n-on-k 
n-on-n 
n-on-s 

Napkin 
Narcotic 
Narrow 
Necromancy 
Negative 
Noisome 
Noncommitted 
Nonconductor 
Nonentity 
Nonessential 

ob  du     . 
ob-h 
oc-to 
of-h 
of-s 
of-s-ing 
ol-f 
ol-iv 
on-t 
on-w 

Obduracy 
Obnoxious 
October 
Oft  hand 
Offset 
O  if  spring 
Olfactory 
Olive  branch 
Ontology 
Onward 

90 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


op-u 
op-tic 
op-pro     ... 

O3-C 

os-s 
ot-to 
ox-v 

..Opulent 
..Optical 
..Opprobium 
..Oscilate 
..Ossify 
..Ottoman 
Oxygen 

p-r-s 
p-r-so 
p-r-t 
p-as 
p-ash 
p-ot 
r>a-t 

Parsimonious 
Parson 
Participate 
Paschal 
Passion 
Patriotic 
Patriarch 

P 

V    i 
p-aw 
p-n 
P-ne 

Pause 
Penetrate 
Penitent 

f-on 

Phonography 

. 
p-n-in 

Peninsula 

p-il 
f-il 
p-l-n 

..Philadelphia 

..Philosophy 
Plenipotentiary 

p-n-t 
p-nu 
p-s-t 

Pentecost 
Penurious 
Pestilence 

p-r-1 
p-r-ac 
p-al-on 

..Parliamentary 
..Practicable 
Paleontology 

r 
p-t 

p-et 
p-t-ro 

Petition 
Petrify 
Petroleum 

pa-ar 
p-am 

...Paragraph 
Pamphlet 

o-et-t 
f-ar 

Pettifog 
Pharisee 

po-1 

...Political 

fe-no 

Phenomena 

r 

p-q 

...Pecuniary 

f-os 

Phosphate    • 

r  H 
P-OD 

Popular 

fo-to 

Photography 

u 

p-ub 
p-1 

...Public 
...Plaintiff 

f-ra 
f-re-n 

Phrase 
Phrenology 

f 

po-s 
p-os 
pa-jj 

...Possession 
...Possible 
Pageant 

f-iz 
p-ic 
p-il 

Physiognomy 
Picture 
Pilgrim 

pa-n 

Painful 

r, 

pi-o 

Pioneer 

pa-al 
p-al 
p-l-m 
p-al-p      ... 
p-al-pi 

...Palace 
...Palatable 
Pall  Mall 
...Palpable 
Palpitate 

p-l-as 
p-la-to 
p-l-aw 
p-l-un 
P-oc 

Plastic 
Platonism 
Plausible 
Plunder 
Pocket 

p-aw 
p-an 
p-an  o     ... 
p-an-th 

...Paltry 
...Panegyric 
...Panorama 
Pantheism 

*"• 
po-et 
p-oy 
p-oy-s 

DO-1 

Poetical 
Point 
Poison 
Polar 

p-an-the... 
pa-ra 

..  Pantheon 
...Paradise 

r**  • 

po-le 
p-ol 

Police 
Policy 

r 

p-ar-a     ... 
p-ar-1 
p-r 
p-r-ch 
p-rd 
pa-r 
p-ish 

...Paradoxical 
...Parallel 
...Parcel 
...Parchment 
...Pardon 
...Parent 
...Perish 

1     .  . 
po-h 

po-lu 
p-ol-y 
p  ol-eth 
p-un 
pu-p 
p-er 

Politeness 
Pollute 
Polytechnic 
Polytheism 
Punish 
Pupil 
Purgatory 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


91 


pu-ri 
pu-c-il 

Puritan 
.  .  ..Pusillanimous 

re-g-n 
re-g-s 

Regenerate 
Register 

per-t 

Pertinacity 

re-tre 

Retrench 

p-ith 

Pythagorean 

re-1 
re-l-uc 

Relinquish 
Reluctant 

Q 

re-m 
re-m-on 

Reminiscence 
Remonstrate 

que-it 

....Quitclaim 

re-mo 

Remove 

qui-in 

Quintessence 

re-mu 

Remunerate 

q-od 
q-od-ru 
q-r 

Quadrant 
Quadruped 
Quartz 

R 

re-p-ub 
re-p-n 
re-p-le 
re-po 
r-ep-re 

Republican 
^Repentance 
Replevin 
Report 
Reprehensible 

r-ac 

Racking 

r-pre 
re-pu 

Reprieve 
Repudiate 

r-ag 
r-am 

Ragged 
.  ..    Ramble 

re-p-ul 
re-que 

Repulse 
Request 

r-am-i 
r-am  p 

Ramify 
Rampant 

r-s-q 
re-s-m 

Resque 
Resemble 

r-n 

Range 

re-c-n 

Recent 

r-n-s 
r-an 
r-an-s 

Ransom 
Random 
Ransacked 

re-s-r 
re-si 
re-z 

Reserve 
Resign 
Resist 

r-ap 

Rapid 

re-s-or 

Resort 

re-p 

Reap 

re-s-p 

Respect 

F 

r-ash 

Rationalism 

r 

r-s-pi 

Respiration 

re-af 
re-an 
re-but 
re-c-ip 
re-ci 
re-co 

Reaffirm 
Reanimate 
Rebut 
Reciprocal 
Recite 
Recollect 

re-s-po 
re-s-to 
re-s-t 
re-ic 
r-et 
re-ti 

Respond 
Restoration 
Restraint 
Restrict 
Reticence 
Retirement 

re-ko 

Recourse 

r-et-t 

Retrograde 

re-k-ru 

Recruit 

r-et-ro 

Retrospect 

re-ec 
re-ec-ti 
re-du 

Rectify 
Rectitude 
Reduce 

re-v-er 
re-v 
re-vi 

Reverse 
Review 
Revise 

re-es 

Re-establish 

r-ap-so 

Rhapsody 

re-fi-n 
re-f 
re-f-ra 
re-esh 
re-f 
re-fu 
re-fu-t 

Refinement 
Reflect 
Refrain 
Refiesh 
Refuge 
Refuse 
Refutation 

r-id 
r-ig 
ri-p 
ro-b 
ro-ta 
r-ot 
ru-t 

Ridicule 
Rigmarole 
Ripe 
....  Robust 
Rotation 
Rotten 
Routine 

92 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 


ru-b 
ru-d 

Rubicon 
Rudiment 

s-of 
s-or 

Sophism 
Source 

r-ug 
ru-mi 

r-ush 

Rugged 
Ruminate 
Rushing 

c-or-c 
so 
s-um 

Sorcery 
Sound 
Summon 

re-vo 
re-c-in 

sa-k 

Revoke 
Rescind 

S 
Sacrament 

s-un 
s-y-co 
s-k 
s-k-y 
s-k-an 
s-k-r 

Sunday 
Sycophant 
Scarce 
Skillful 
Scanty 
Scarlet 

sa-lu 

Salute 

s-k-v 

Scavenger 

so-ber 
so-l-is 
sy-n-on 

Sober 
Solicit 
Synonymous 

s-k-ru 
s-k-ul 
s-ke 

Scruple 
Sculpture 
....  Scheme 

sho-1 
so-v 
sy-m 
sa-n 
sa-t 

Shoulder 
Sovereign 
Symptom 
Saint 
Satan 

s-ko 
c-lu 
c-1 
s-la 
c-n 

Score 
Seclude 
Seldom  done 
Slavonic 
Scene 

s-ad 

Sadness 

s-p-c 

Specialty 

s-ab 

Sabbath  Day 

s-p-on 

Spontaneous 

s-ad-u 
s-al 
sa-lu 
s-am 
s-ane 

Sadducee 
Salary 
Salutary 
Sample 
Sanctify 

s-pa 
s-p 
s-p-ec 
s-pu 
s-k-p 

Spare 
Species 
Spectacle 
Spurious 
Skeptic 

s-an-c 
s-an 

Sanction 
Sanitary 

s-li 
s-ly 

Slide 
......Slight 

s-an-he 
s-af 
s-at-t 

Sanhedrim 
Sapphire 
Satellite 

/ 
s-l-um 

s-t-ra 
s-tu-p 

Slumber 
Strange  thing 
Stupendous 

s-at-er 
s-e  c 

Saturday 
Second 

s-tu 
s-at 

Stupidity 
Saturate 

s-ec-t 

Sectarian 

sa 

Satire 

s-ec-u 

Secular 

s-ta 

Stable 

s-ep-tu 
s-im 

Septuagint 
Simple 

s-t-at 
s-t-aar 

Statuary 
......Stagnate 

c-im 
c-il 
s-in 
s-il-lo 
s-in-th 
s-ow 
s-on 
s-ol 

Similar 
Silver 
Sinecure 
Syllogism 
Synthesis 
South 
Sauntering 
Solitary 

s-t-r 
s-t-m 
s-t-re 
s-t-er 
s-t-im 
s-t-uc 
s-t-ug 
s-m 

Startle 
Steam 

Stereotype  phrase 

Sterility 
Stimulate 
Structure 
Struggle 
Semblance 

MITCHELL'S   THONAGRAPHY 


s-em 

Semi-circle 

t-r-id 

Torrid  Zone 

s-m-il 
s-n-it 

Similitude 
Senatorial 

t-ow 
t-ow-n 

Tower 
Township 

s-p-ec 

Speculate 

t-ac 

Track 

c-re 

Serious 

t-ra 

Tradition 

se-que 

Sequence. 

t-af 

Traffic 

s-r 

Sorrow 

t-r-ad 

...Tragedy 

s-que 

Squeeze 

t-av 

Travel 

s-wa 

Sway 

t-r-an 

Tranquility 

s-we 

Sweep 

t-r-ib 

Tribulation 

w-ich 

Switch 

t-r-i-bu 

Tributary 

s-c 

Scrofula 

t-um 

Tumble 

c-c 

Seasick 

tu-m 

Tumor 

c-ci 

Seaside 

ter-bu 

Turbulent 

c-sho 
c-q 

Seashore 
Secure 

ter-mi 
ter-m 

Terminate 
Turmoil 

ter-pi 

Turpitude 

tre-s 

T 
Trespass 

t-w-y 
t-y-ink 
tu-fo 

Twilight 
Twinkling 
Twofold 

t-ab 

Tabernacle 

t-m-p 

Temper 

t-m 

Temple 

the 

Theatre 

t-m-p 
t-m-p-er 

Tempest 
Temperature 

the-z 
the-oc 

Theism 
Theocracy 

t-m-po 
t-ol 

Temporary 
Tolerable 

the-ol 
the-s 

Theology 
Thesis 

t-r 

Transient 

the-v 

Thieving 

tu-ish 

Tuition 

th-er 

Thirst 

t-w 

Twelfth 

th-r-esh 

Threshold 

t-ac 

.  ..    Tact 

th-r-if 

Thrift 

t-an 

th-ri 

.  ....Thrice 

t-an  t 

th-ro 

Throne 

t-an-ta 

Tantamount 

th-ru 

Throughout 

t-r-n 
t-ar 

t-as 

Tarnish 
Tarry 
Task 

U 

...Undoubted 

t-aw 

Tautology 

un-d-n 

Undeniable 

t-av 

Unanimous 

t-ec 
t-n 

Technical 
Tenant 

un-m-s 
un-s-c 

Unmistakable 
Unsecured 

t-x 
t-im 
t-ip 
to-b 
t-oy 
t-or 

Texture 
Timid 
Tipple 
Tobacco 
•.  Toil 
Torpedo 

un-n-at 
un-se-ri 
un-ne-s 
um-b 
um-b-1 
un 

Unnatural 
Unceremonious 
Unnecessary 
Umbrage 
Umbrella 
Unable 

94 


MITCHELL'S  PHONAGRAPHY 


un-ac      .  . 

.  .  .  Unaccountable 

un-p-un 

Unpunished 

un-ac-qua. 

..  Unacquainted 

un-que 

Unquenchable 

un  of      .  . 

...Unofficial 

un-q 

Unquestioned 

un-al 

.    Unalterable 

un-r 

Un  reasonable 

un-c 

...Uncertain 

un-ri 

Unrivaled 

vn-ch      .  . 

...Unchanged 

un-re 

Unregenerate 

un-chi    ... 

...Unchristian 

un-re-p 

Unrepentant 

un-cv 

...Uncivilized 

ua-re-s 

Unreserved 

un-fa 

...Unfaithful 

un-ry 

Unrighteous 

un-f 
un-f-or  ... 

...Unfair 
...Unfortunate 

un-s 

un-in 

Uusciiptural 
Uninspired 

un-full 

Unfulfill 

un-c-ru 

Unscrupulous 

un-c 

...Ungrateful 

un-s-k 

Unskillful 

un-g-r    ... 

.  ..Unguarded 

un-so 

Unsociable 

un-h  1     .  . 

...Unhealthy 

un-sa-1 

Unsolicited 

un-er 

...Unhurt 

un-s-t 

Unsteady 

u-ni 

...Uniform 

un-s-uc 

Unsuccessful 

un  i.ri 

...Unimpaired 

un-su 

Unsuitable 

un-im-p  ... 
un-in 
u-ne 

...Unimproved 
...Uninjured 
...Unique 

un-cer 
un-s-us 
un-sy 

Uncircumcised 
Unsuspected 
Unsystematic 

u-ni-ta    ... 

...Unitarian 

un-\v 

Unwarrantable 

u-ni-v 

...Universal 

u-s-er 

Usurped 

un-qua    ... 

...Unqualified 

u-to 

Utopian 

un-l-er    ... 

...  Unlearned 

u-b 

Ubiquity 

un-l-im  ... 

...Unlimited 

un-b 

Unblushingly 

un-lu 
un-uc      .  . 

...Unloose     . 

.    Unlucky 

un-p 
un-ob 

Unprincipled 
Unobj  ect  ionable 

un-me    .  . 

.  .  .  Unmeaning 

un-aw 

Unostentatious 

un-m-er  ... 
un-m 

un-na 

...Unmerciful 
...Unmo%-ed 
...Unnatural 

un-x 
un-h-er 
un-f 

Unexampled 
Unheard  of 
Unfruitful 

un-no 

Unnoticed 

un-fa 

Unfaithful 

un-op 

...Unopposed 

un-or 
un-pa 

...Unorganized 
...Unpaid 

V 

un-p-ar  ... 

...Unparalleled 

v-is 

Visi  to 

un-fill 

Unphilosophical 

ver-u 

Virulent 

un-p 
un-p-op 

...Unpleasant 
Unpopular 

v-il 
v-ic 

Villainy 
Victim 

un-p-re  ... 
un-p-j     ... 
un-p 
un-pro    ... 
un-pro-f... 
un-pro-t... 

.  .  .  Unprecedented 
...Unprejudiced 
...Unprepared 
...Unproductive 
...Unprofitable 
...Unprotected 

v-ul-t 
v-ul 
v-ul-g 
v-ul-n 
vo-t 
vi-k 

Vulture 
Vulgar 
Vulgate 
Vulnerable 
Vote 
Vicarious 

MITCHELL'S  PHONAGRAPHY 


95 


vi  b 
v-x 

ver-n-ac 

Vibrate 
vexation 
Vernacular 

wa-n 
wa-r        
wa-v       

Wander 
Warrant 
Wa^7ing 

v-n 

Venerate 

we-k       

Weak 

v-1 

Velocity  of 

we-r        

Wear 

v-ol 

Volume  of 

we-1        

Welcome 

vo-ra 

v-oy-y 

Voracious 
...Voyage 

we-l-m   .'.... 

Welfare 
Well-meaning 

v-oy 

Void    ' 

we-do     

Widowhood 

v-ow 

Vouch 

v-1 

Wield 

v-er 

Verdant 

r-ech      

Wretch 

v-as 
ver-bos 

Veracity 
Verbosity 

r-ing 
y-in 

Wrinkle 

Wind 

ver-t 

Vertical 

v-ing      

Wing 

v-ol-k 
ver-t-b 

Volcano 
Vertebrrted 

y-n 

w            

Wine-press 
Wood 

ver-s 
v-ag 

Versatility 
Vagabond 

w-y          
wy-n       

World-wide 

v-an 

Vandalism 

wo-n-g   

v-as 

we-osh 
y-il 
wa 
wa-k 

Vacillate. 
W 

Washington 
Wilderness 
Wait 
Wake 

wo-n-dis.  .  .  j 

wa-in      
\va-l        
we          
we-n       
w-y         
y-d          

Wonderful  discov- 
eries 

Walk  in  darkness 
Walk  in  the  light 
Whether  or  not 
When  it  conies 
Widespread 
Wide  world 

Ninth   Principle  of  Abl 
Stenographic  Word 
.    one                  A  unto 

Dreviation. 
.  Signs. 

(^  passage 
(/    pattern  

'    now 

m    some 
_    come  

A  speak 

\j  open 

^\  punctual 
Q"  water 
j   atmosphere.... 
foundation 

y  fa 

•   done 

shall 
i     first 

\j  idea 

1_  here,  hear 
L    most  

last 
I    a,  an 
1    and 

least 

-j  fact 
-|  fail  

^  exclude 
x|'  family 

1    any 

_  cause 
work  

"|  find 
|    were 

/f"  cloud 

Y    first  place 

_  call 

«.  from 
_  what  

!    little 
O  tut 

^   ^econd  place 
$(    although 

9       ilan 

—  word 

whether 

/     within  

x     without 

S    such 

put 
j-   small 

%     practice 

df  ink 
J  evening  

Q-  circumstance 

\j  above 
•  upon  

/  sacriiice 

w   bread 
\_r  middle  

'    N    much 

'    \    before 
N    between.  . 
v    because 

<     could 
/     would  

j    should 

^j  about 

H   aware 
^    brin<j  

u~  beneath 
£?  swear 

U           " 

0  out 

C=>  fuel 
c  —  3  fountain  

&  latter    \ 

S    employ  j 
/    double  .. 
/    trouble  \\ 

CZ2  fortune 
93 

MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  97 

Ninth  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  principle  of  abbreviation  consists  in  the  employment 
of  what  we  call  unalphabetical  word  signs.  By  the  incor- 
poration of  the  vowels  with  the  consonants  we  reserve  for 
other  purposes  the  small  dots,  dashes  curves,  angles  and 
circles,  which  other  systems  are  obliged  to  use  for  vowel 
signs,  and  which  we  here  turn  to  the  great  advantage  of 
making  them  represent  that  large  class  of  little  words  which 
are  most  familiarly  used,  and  which  enter  into  almost  every 
sentence  of  our  language.  To  assist  in  memorizing  these, 
care  Las  been  taken  in  many  instances,  that  one  of  the  three 
words,  which  the  same  sign  represents  by  its  meaning,  will 
suggest  the  locality  of  the  sign,  whether  above,  upon  or  be- 
low the  line.  Their  positions  are  governed  by  Rule  XII,  as 
follows:  These  characters  have  three  positions  in  reference  to 
the  line  of  writing,  each  of  which  designates  the  three  words 
as  here  arranged,  the  positions  are  therefore  fixed  and  must 
be  strictly  followed.  Of  course  when  these  signs  are  used  for 
word-signs,  they  are  to  follow  the  common  order  of  word- 
signs  :  namely,  that  each  must  stand  alone  in  its  place,  witr 
spaces  between  such  as  only  words  have. 

It  will  be  about  as  difficult  to  commit  this  page  of  signs  t( 
memory  as  all  the  rest  in  the  book,  as  they  are  not  connectec 
with  the  alphabet.  But  it  must  be  remembered  that  in  Pit- 
man's Phonography,  and  in  all  of  its  modifications,  nearly  all 
these  signs  are  used,  and  some  of  them  have  five  or  more 
places  in  relation  to  the  consonants  to  signify  vowels  and 
peculiar  sounds ;  and  of  course  each  sign  must  be  remembered 
as  well  as  its  place  in  order  to  write  it  properly ;  while  there- 
fore they  are  convenient  to  our  system,  and  may  be  wholly 
omitted  without  in  the  least  marring  it,  they  are  indispensable 
to  others. 

In  using  these  characters  for  word-signs  it  gives  us  another 
principle  of  identity,  and  therefore  adds  to  legibility.  We 
have  known  persons  to  have  committed  all  these  signs,  as 
well  as  the  alphabetical  word  signs  in  our  first  edition,  in  the 
course  of  six  illustrated  lectures,  one  per  week,  and  of  being 
able  to  write  them  readily  in  this  brief  space  of  time 


Tenth  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 
Hieroglyphics. 

Turn  around 


Turn  short 
Turn  over 
Turn  under 
Turn  in 

Turn  to  the  right 
Turn  to  the  left 
Turn  out 
Turn  up 
Turn  down 


O 

o 

0 

cr 

X) 

e- 

6 
9 


£j     Turn  back 
(T)     The  north  pole 


9 


G 


^ 

£^ 

o 

A 


The  south  pole 
Southern  hemisphere 

Northern  hemisphere 
Centre  of  gravity 

Equinoctial  line 


New  moon 
Half  moon 

Full  moon 

Pyramids  of  Egypt          98 


A 

\ 


\\     Microscopical  view 

Flash  of  lightning 
The  rain  bow 


Hills  and  Mountains 
Sun,  moon  and  stars 

An  iceberg 

A  range  of  hills 

Mount  Vesuvius 

Arrow  of  Death 
Back  and  forth 
That  line  of  business 

It  stands  perpendicular 
At  right  angles  with 
Out  of  the  world 
In  the  world 


© 


r\ 


J 
o 


1 — I 


5| 

Telegraphic  communication 
An  inclined  plane 
Circumference  of  the  earth 
Suspension  bridge 
Runs  parallel 

99 


Hieroglyphics.  >  * 


An  angle  of  45° 


Telescopical  view 


100  MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Tenth  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  consists  in  the  construction  of  certain  hieroglyphics. 
The  picturesque  formation  of  which,  as  well  as  the  manner  of 
making  them,  conveys  the  meaning  of  the  sentences  which 
they  represent.  For  example,  fix  the  point  of  the  pen  on 
the  paper,  and  as  you  hear  the  words  "turn  around,"  move 
it  in  a  circle  and  you  have  the  character  for  the  sentence. 
Commence  again  and  move  it  according  to  the  direction 
' '  Turn  short,-"  and  you  have  an  unfinished  circle  to  repre- 
sent the  sentence.  Commence  again  and  tarn  over  the 
point  of  starting,  and  you  have  made  the  character  for  the 
sentence  "Turn  over."  Commence  again  and  turn  the 
course  of  the  pen  under  the  point  of  starting,  and  you  have 
the  sentence  "Turn  under.  And  so,  turn  the  finishing 
stroke  within  the  circle,  and  you  have  the  sentence  "Turn 
in."  Run  it  to  the  right,  and  you  have  th«  sentence  "  Turn 
to  the  right ; "  also  to  the  left,  and  you  have  the  sentence 
"Turn  to  the  left."  Turn  it  up,  and  you  have  the  sentence 
"Turn  np;"  down,  and  you  have  the  sentence  "Turn 
down  ;  "  out,  and  you  have  the  sentence  "  Turn  out." 

In  relation  to  the  sign  representing  the  sentence  "At  right 
angles  with, "  we  may  say  that  the  upright  side  of  the  angle 
should  be  made  first  and  the  lower  one  carried  to  the  left, 
leaving  the  figure  standing  in  the  contrary  direction  from 
that  formed  by  the  T  and  K  phonographs,  the  last  of  which 
is  always  made  from  left  to  right.  These  are  all  to  be  rcade 
longer  than  the  phonographic  signs.  In  relation  to  the  line 
which  signifies  the  sentence  "That  line  of  business,"  we 
may  remark  that  it  should  be  made  about  double  the  length 
of  alphabetical  K ;  and  the  same  rule  applies  to  the  vertical 
sign  for  the  sentence  "It  stands  perpendicular,"  and  also  to 
the  sign  for  the  sentence  "An  inclined  plane,"  which  lies  on 
the  same  angle  as  the  phonetic  J,  and  should  be  made  about 
double  its  length.  We  may  also  remark,  in  reference  to  the 
character  for  the  sentence  "Telegraphic  communication," 
that  the  upright  strokes  designate  the  poles  and  the  hori- 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGR\PHY.  101 

zontal  one  the  wire  of  a  telegraph  line  ;  and  also  those  for 
the  sentence  "Suspension  bridge, "the  upright  strokes  are 
the  piers  and  the  horizontal  curve  line  the  suspension  wire. 
As  a  whole,  we  may  say  that  the  cuts  are  correct  examples, 
and  if  nearly  followed  there  will  be  no  danger  of  confounding 
them  with  any  other  characters  in  the  book 

In  the  construction  of  these  two  pages,  we  have  been 
actuated  by  the  considerations  of  showing,  in  the  first  place, 
how  simple  and  legible  some  sentences  may  be  thus  written, 
and  in  the  second  place,  how  extremely  difficult  it  would  be 
to  extend  this  principle  to  any  great  length,  much  less  to 
make  it  represent  the  whole  language.  It  must  not  be  sup- 
posed that  the  Oriental  hieroglyphics  are  short  hand  writing, 
as  a  very  slight  examination  of  their  characters,  compared 
with  the  words  they  represent,  will  show  that  they  are  far 
more  numerous  and  difficult  of  construction  than  those  of  our 
common  English,  and  are  therefore  not  as  short  as  it.  A 
third  reason  for  constructing  these  pages  was  the  mere  nov- 
elty the  signs  manifest  with  their  import,  as  well  as  going  to 
show  the  entire  difference  between  it  and  an  intelligent  sys- 
tem of  short  hand  writing. 

These  characters,  having  their  own  peculiar  forms,  may 
occupy  the  place,  on  the  line  of  writing,  of  the  ordinary  signs 
of  words  written  out  in  full,  only  that  the  common  spacing 
between  each  of  them,  and  between  them  and  other  signs, 
must  be  preserved. 


Exercise   No.    1. — See   Page    1O3. 


N    1  '        V 

^  __^...,^.....c -TV..  .£.„. S  < 

J  \  u^*  1  p 

vr°";tr --f-^v 

v.- .^..A-.-O^^  ...^.-^  .J^;uJ^(-*x-.il 

^_-i .C..( 

C^A^C_^ 

.  V ' 


102 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY,  103 


Exercise   No.    1. 
THE  NATURE  OF  TRUE  ELOQUENCE. 

DANIEL  WEBSTER. 

' '  When  public  bodies  are  to  be  addressed  on  momentous 
occasions,  when  great  interests  are  at  stake,  and  strong  pas- 
sions excited,  nothing  is  valuable  in  speech  further  than  it  is 
connected  with  high  intellectual  and  moral  endowments. 
Clearness,  force,  and  earnestness  are  the  qualities  which 
produce  conviction.  True  eloquence  does  not  consist  in 
speech,  it  cannot  be  brought  from  far.  Labor  and  learning 
may  toil  for  it,  but  they  will  toil  in  vain.  Words  and  phrases 
may  be  marshaled  in  every  way,  but  they  cannot  compass  it. 
It  must  exist  in  the  man,  in  the  subject,  and  in  the  occasion. 
Affected  passion,  intense  expression,  the  pomp  of  declama- 
tion, all  may  aspire 'after  it;  but  they  cannot  reach  it.  It 
comes,  if  it  comes  at  all,  like  the  outbreaking  of  a  fountain  from 
the  earth,  or  the  bursting  forth  of  volcanic  fires  with  original, 
native  force.  The  graces  taught  in  the  schools,  the  costly 
ornaments  and  the  contrivances  of  speech,  shock  and  disgust 
men,  when  their  own  lives,  and  the  fate  of  their  wives,  their 
children,  and  their  country,  hang  on  the  decision  of  the 
hour.  Then  words  have  lost  their  power,  rhetoric  is  vain, 
and  all  elaborate  oratory  contemptible.  Even  genius  itseK 
then  feels  rebuked,  as  in  the  presence  of  higher  qualities. 
Then  patriotism  is  eloquence  ;  then  self-devotion  is  eloquence. 
The  clear  conception  outrunning  the  deductions  of  logic,  the 
high  purpose,  the  firm  resolve,  the  dauntless  spirit,  spoken 
by  the  tongue,  beaming  from  the  eye,  informing  every 
feature,  and  urging  the  whole  man  onward  to  his  object, 
this — this  is  eloquence ;  or  rather  it  is  something  greater 
and  higher  than  all  eloquence  ;  it  is  action — noble,  sublime, 
god-like  action. " 


Exercise    No.    2. — See    Page    1O5. 


— - • 

[ 

rJ 


\ 


\          ( 


104 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  105 

Exercise    No.  2. 
RICHARD  WATSON  ON  THE  GLORY  OF  MAN. 

Mark  the  glory  of  collective  man.  United,  he  puts  on  the 
appearance  of  strength.  He  founds  empires ;  he  builds 
cities  ;  he  guards  by  his  armies  ;  he  cements  by  his  policy. 
Ah !  vain  attempt !  Still,  ' '  all  flesh  is  grass,  and  all  the 
glory  of  man  as  the  flower  of  grass."  Trace  the  track  of 
civilized  and  powerful  man  through  the  world,  and  you  will 
find  it  covered  with  the  wreck  of  his  hopes  ;  and  the  very 
monuments  of  his  power  have  been  converted  into  the 
mockery  of  his  weakness.  His  eternal  cities  moulder  in 
their  ruins  ;  the  serpent  hisses  in  the  cabinet  where  he 
planned  his  empires.  Echo  itself  is  startled  by  the  foot 
which  breaks  the  silence  that  has  reigned  for  ages  in  his  halls 
of  feast  and  song.  Columns  stand  in  the  untrodden  desert ; 
and  the  hut  of  the  shepherd,  or  the  den  of  the  robber, 
shelters  the  only  residence  of  his  palaces.  And  the  glory 
which  now  exists  is  crumbling  everywhere  where  it  has  not 
the  cement  of  Christianity,  and  where  it  takes  not  something 
of  perpetuity  from  the  everlasting  word.  All  heathen  glory, 
all  Mohamedan  pride,  creak  in  the  blast,  and  nod  to  their 
fall.  The  withering  wind  cr  the  raging  tempest  shall  pass 
over  them  in  turn,  and  men  shall  sit  upon  the  ruins  of  their 
proudest  grandeur. 


Exercise  No    3.— See  Page    1O7. 


\        £*"  v 

•I 5 ^ f*—*- — J../...\. 

J  1 

Q  (  (   i    '(      i 

--^-J-y-^j-strr-...^  \^ ±-f.\.\ 

»-^l 

Jbei^^jji^.ri^iaL^fe 

r 7-7^- 

,_-        ^  ...^. 

1i 
-*cCT_ 1 M .. ^- . _ ./. .  I »_..^^-.»_,-.rr^^ — a...  ^^_. 

o  x-  )    ^  1       " 


106 


MITCHELL'S  PHONOGRAPHY.  107 


Exercise    No.  3. 
THE  GOOD  SAMARITAN. 

LUKE    10  :    25-37. 

' '  And  behold,  a  certain  lawyer  stood  up  and  tempted  Him, 
saying,  Master,  what  shall  I  do  to  inherit  eternal  life  ?  He 
said  unto  him,  What  is  written  in  the  law,  how  readest 
thou  ?  and  he  answering,  said,  Thou  shall  love  the  Lord  thy 
God  with  all  thy  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul,  and  with  all 
thy  strength,  and  with  all  thy  mind  ;  and  thy  neighbor  as 
thyself.  And  He  said  unto  him,  Thou  hast  answered  right : 
this  do  and  thou  shall  live.  But  he,  willing  to  justify  him- 
self, said  unto  Jesus,  And  who  is  my  neighbor  ?  And  Jesus 
answering,  said,  A  certain  man  went  down  from  Jerusalem  to 
Jericho  and  fell  among  thieves,  which  stripped  him  of  his  rai- 
ment, and  wounded  him,  and  departed  leaving  him  half  dead. 
And  by  chance  there  came  down  a  certain  priest  that  way  ;  and 
when  he  saw  him  he  passed  by  on  the  other  side.  And  like- 
wise a  Levite,  when  he  was  at  thai  place,  came  and  looked 
on  him,  and  passed  by  on  the  other  side.  But  a  certain 
Samaritan,  as  he  journeyed,  came  where  he  was ;  and  when 
he  saw  him  he  had  compassion  on  him,  and  wenl  to  him  and 
bound  up  his  wounds,  pouring  in  oil  and  wine,  and  set  him 
on  his  own  beast,  and  brought  him  to  an  inn,  and  took  care 
of  him.  On  the  morrow,  when  he  departed,  he  took  oul  two 
pence  and  gave  them  to  the  host,  and  said  unto  him,  take 
care  of  him  ;  and  whatsoever  thou  spendest  more,  when  I 
come  again  I  will  repay  thee.  Which  now  of  these  three 
thinkest  thou  was  neighbor  unto  him  that  fell  among  the 
thieves  ?  And  he  said,  He  lhat  shewed  mercy  on  him. 
Then  said  Jesus  unto  him,  Go  and  do  thou  likewise." 


Exercise   No.    4. — See  below. 


v^^i 


^  n         *-  r^,-.— ~          -_ — 


/  >  •         ^  v- .  C      i  (    _  i  (  (T    c. 


Exercise   No.  4. 

THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 
MATT.  6  :  9-13. 

"  Our  Father  which  art  ia  heaven,  hallowed  be  Thy  name.1 
Thy  kingdom  come.  Thy  will  be  done  in  earth  as  it  is  in 
heaven.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread,  and  forgive  us 
our  debts  as  we  forgive  our  debtors,  and  lead  us  not  into 
temptation,  but  deliver  us  from  evil.  For  Thine  is  the 
kingdom,  and  the  power,  and  the  glory,  for  ever.  Amen." 


108 


Testimonies. 

PROF.  MITCHELL. 

MY  DEAR  SIR  : — I  have  just  had  the  pleasure  of  examin- 
ing your  system  of  Phonography,  and  I  am  surprised  that 
you  have  been  able  to  make  such  improvement. 

Some  twenty  years  ago  I  learned  Pitman's  system,  and 
later  Graham's  style  ;  and  I  cannot  help  but  wish  that  I  had 
been  saved  the  trouble  of  both  by  learning  your  condensed, 
free  and  easy  system.  With  this  work  and  improvement  of 
yours,  none  need  despair  of  learning  short  hand.  You  have 
succeeded  well,  and  the  public  will  ever  be  indebted  to  you 
for  making  so  simple  and  easy  that  which  heretofore  had 
been  so  complexed  and  hard  to  learn. 

JOSEPH  WILD,  D.D., 
Pastor  Union  Congregational  Church. 

BROOKLYN,  July  8/7*,  1876. 

\ 

PROF.  THOMAS  MITCHELL. 

DEAR  SIR  : — Having  attended  the  six  illustrated  lectures 
in  your  system  of  Short  Hand  Phonography,  I  can  say  that 
it  is  so  short  and  easy  to  be  learned,  that  I  can  even  now, 
just  at  their  close,  introduce  it  as  a  teacher  into  my  school ; 
and  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  it  should  be  taught 
as  a  regular  branch  of  common  school  education,  so  that 
when  the  children  graduate  they  could  write  our  language 
with  the  rapidity  of  speech. 

What  confirms  me  in  this  opinion  is  what  I  saw  and  heard 
in  the  half  hour  you  spent  in  illustrating  the  principles  of 
your  system  to  my  school,  the  children  reading  readily  what- 
ever you  wrote  upon  the  black-board,  although  some  of  the 
sentences  were  long  and  words  difficult.  I  therefore  cheer- 
fully recommend  your  system  to  the  consideration  of  all 
Boards  of  public  instruction,  and  indeed  to  all  educators  of 
whatever  class  or  grade.  CHARLES  A.  LIBBY, 

Principal  of  Common  School. 

I  concur  in  the  above. 

T.  M.  TERRY, 
Pastor  of  Jf. £.  Church. 

FLATBUSH,  July  6t/i,  1876. 
109 


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